Question

我正在尝试使用PowerShell将Python 3安装程序从Python网站下载到特定目录中，然后在同一目录中静默运行/安装.exe，然后将相应的目录添加到系统的PATH变量中。

到目前为止，我已提出：

start cmd /k powershell -Command "(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.2/python-3.6.2.exe', 'C:/Tools/python-3.6.2.exe')" && 
c:\Tools\python-3.6.2.exe /quiet InstallAllUsers=1 PrependPath=1 Include_test=0 TargetDir=c:\Tools\Python362 &&
setx path "%PATH%;C:\Tools\Python362\" /M

不幸的是，这不起作用。命令窗口将打开，然后立即退出。我已经分别运行了这些命令，当我这样做时它们工作，但是当我尝试在同一个文件中按顺序运行它们时它不起作用。任何帮助都会非常感激。

注意：我认为问题源于使用&&，因为如果我使用&，CMD提示将会持续存在并执行。但是，这对我没有帮助，因为我需要在第一个命令完成后执行第二个命令，否则第二个命令没有.exe运行。我希望这只是一个语法错误，因为我是创建批处理文件和使用Windows命令行的新手。

Answer 1

我个人在Powershell中做到这一切。

我很想把它放在一个脚本中，就像这样：

[CmdletBinding()] Param(
    $pythonVersion = "3.6.2"
    $pythonUrl = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/$pythonVersion/python-$pythonVersion.exe"
    $pythonDownloadPath = 'C:\Tools\python-$pythonVersion.exe'
    $pythonInstallDir = "C:\Tools\Python$pythonVersion"
)

(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile($pythonUrl, $pythonDownloadPath)
& $pythonDownloadPath /quiet InstallAllUsers=1 PrependPath=1 Include_test=0 TargetDir=$pythonInstallDir
if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
    throw "The python installer at '$pythonDownloadPath' exited with error code '$LASTEXITCODE'"
}
# Set the PATH environment variable for the entire machine (that is, for all users) to include the Python install dir
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("PATH", "${env:path};${pythonInstallDir}", "Machine")

然后你可以像这样从cmd.exe调用脚本：

Powershell.exe -File X:\Path\to\Install-Python.ps1

Param()块定义了Python版本的默认值，从中下载的URL，保存它的位置以及安装它的位置，但是如果它变得有用，则允许您覆盖这些选项。您可以传递这样的参数：

Powershell.exe -File X:\Path\to\Install-Python.ps1 -version 3.4.0 -pythonInstallDir X:\Somewhere\Else\Python3.4.0

那就是说，你绝对可以在纯粹的Powershell中做一个单线程。根据您的描述，我认为您不应该使用start cmd /k前缀 - 您应该可以直接调用Powershell.exe，如下所示：

powershell -command "(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.2/python-3.6.2.exe', 'C:/Tools/python-3.6.2.exe'); & c:\Tools\python-3.6.2.exe /quiet InstallAllUsers=1 PrependPath=1 Include_test=0 TargetDir=c:\Tools\Python362; [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('PATH', ${env:path} + ';C:\Tools\Python362', 'Machine')"

Answer 2

在PowerShell中完成所有操作，包括安装库。

# This is the link to download Python 3.6.7 from Python.org
# See https://www.python.org/downloads/
$pythonUrl = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.7/python-3.6.7-amd64.exe"

# This is the directory that the exe is downloaded to
$tempDirectory = "C:\temp_provision\"

# Installation Directory
# Some packages look for Python here
$targetDir = "C:\Python36"

# create the download directory and get the exe file
$pythonNameLoc = $tempDirectory + "python367.exe"
New-Item -ItemType directory -Path $tempDirectory -Force | Out-Null
[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
(New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile($pythonUrl, $pythonNameLoc)

# These are the silent arguments for the install of python
# See https://docs.python.org/3/using/windows.html
$Arguments = @()
$Arguments += "/i"
$Arguments += 'InstallAllUsers="1"'
$Arguments += 'TargetDir="' + $targetDir + '"'
$Arguments += 'DefaultAllUsersTargetDir="' + $targetDir + '"'
$Arguments += 'AssociateFiles="1"'
$Arguments += 'PrependPath="1"'
$Arguments += 'Include_doc="1"'
$Arguments += 'Include_debug="1"'
$Arguments += 'Include_dev="1"'
$Arguments += 'Include_exe="1"'
$Arguments += 'Include_launcher="1"'
$Arguments += 'InstallLauncherAllUsers="1"'
$Arguments += 'Include_lib="1"'
$Arguments += 'Include_pip="1"'
$Arguments += 'Include_symbols="1"'
$Arguments += 'Include_tcltk="1"'
$Arguments += 'Include_test="1"'
$Arguments += 'Include_tools="1"'
$Arguments += 'Include_launcher="1"'
$Arguments += 'Include_launcher="1"'
$Arguments += 'Include_launcher="1"'
$Arguments += 'Include_launcher="1"'
$Arguments += 'Include_launcher="1"'
$Arguments += 'Include_launcher="1"'
$Arguments += "/passive"

#Install Python
Start-Process $pythonNameLoc -ArgumentList $Arguments -Wait

Function Get-EnvVariableNameList {
    [cmdletbinding()]
    $allEnvVars = Get-ChildItem Env:
    $allEnvNamesArray = $allEnvVars.Name
    $pathEnvNamesList = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
    $pathEnvNamesList.AddRange($allEnvNamesArray)
    return ,$pathEnvNamesList
}

Function Add-EnvVarIfNotPresent {
Param (
[string]$variableNameToAdd,
[string]$variableValueToAdd
   ) 
    $nameList = Get-EnvVariableNameList
    $alreadyPresentCount = ($nameList | Where{$_ -like $variableNameToAdd}).Count
    if ($alreadyPresentCount -eq 0)
    {
    [System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable($variableNameToAdd, $variableValueToAdd, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)
    [System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable($variableNameToAdd, $variableValueToAdd, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Process)
    [System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable($variableNameToAdd, $variableValueToAdd, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User)
        $message = "Enviromental variable added to machine, process and user to include $variableNameToAdd"
    }
    else
    {
        $message = 'Environmental variable already exists. Consider using a different function to modify it'
    }
    Write-Information $message
}

Function Get-EnvExtensionList {
    [cmdletbinding()]
    $pathExtArray =  ($env:PATHEXT).Split("{;}")
    $pathExtList = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
    $pathExtList.AddRange($pathExtArray)
    return ,$pathExtList
}

Function Add-EnvExtension {
Param (
[string]$pathExtToAdd
   ) 
    $pathList = Get-EnvExtensionList
    $alreadyPresentCount = ($pathList | Where{$_ -like $pathToAdd}).Count
    if ($alreadyPresentCount -eq 0)
    {
        $pathList.Add($pathExtToAdd)
        $returnPath = $pathList -join ";"
        [System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('pathext', $returnPath, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)
        [System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('pathext', $returnPath, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Process)
        [System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('pathext', $returnPath, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User)
        $message = "Path extension added to machine, process and user paths to include $pathExtToAdd"
    }
    else
    {
        $message = 'Path extension already exists'
    }
    Write-Information $message
}

Function Get-EnvPathList {
    [cmdletbinding()]
    $pathArray =  ($env:PATH).Split("{;}")
    $pathList = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
    $pathList.AddRange($pathArray)
    return ,$pathList
}

Function Add-EnvPath {
Param (
[string]$pathToAdd
   ) 
    $pathList = Get-EnvPathList
    $alreadyPresentCount = ($pathList | Where{$_ -like $pathToAdd}).Count
    if ($alreadyPresentCount -eq 0)
    {
        $pathList.Add($pathToAdd)
        $returnPath = $pathList -join ";"
        [System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('path', $returnPath, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)
        [System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('path', $returnPath, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Process)
        [System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('path', $returnPath, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User)
        $message = "Path added to machine, process and user paths to include $pathToAdd"
    }
    else
    {
        $message = 'Path already exists'
    }
    Write-Information $message
}

Add-EnvExtension '.PY'
Add-EnvExtension '.PYW'
Add-EnvPath 'C:\Python36\'

# Install a library using Pip
python -m pip install numpy

通过批处理文件下载和安装Python

2 个答案: