Question

这是代码，我写的是刮掉justdial网站。

import scrapy
from scrapy.http.request import Request

class JustdialSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'justdial'
    # handle_httpstatus_list = [400]
    # headers={'User-Agent': "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1"}
    # handle_httpstatus_list = [403, 404]
    allowed_domains = ['justdial.com']
    start_urls = ['https://www.justdial.com/Delhi-NCR/Chemists/page-1']
    # def  start_requests(self):
    #     # hdef start_requests(self):
    #     headers= {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:48.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/48.0'}
    #     for url in self.start_urls:
    #         self.log("I just visited :---------------------------------- "+url)
    #         yield Request(url, headers=headers)
    def parse(self,response):
        self.log("I just visited the site:---------------------------------------------- "+response.url)
         urls = response.xpath('//a/@href').extract()
         self.log("Urls-------: "+str(urls))

这是错误显示在终端：

2017-08-18 18:32:25 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened
2017-08-18 18:32:25 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pag
es/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2017-08-18 18:32:25 [scrapy.extensions.httpcache] DEBUG: Using filesystem cache
storage in D:\scrapy\justdial\.scrapy\httpcache
2017-08-18 18:32:25 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] DEBUG: Telnet console listening o
n 127.0.0.1:6023
2017-08-18 18:32:25 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (403) <GET https://www.j
ustdial.com/robots.txt> (referer: None) ['cached']
2017-08-18 18:32:25 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (403) <GET https://www.j
ustdial.com/Delhi-NCR/Chemists/page-1> (referer: None) ['cached']
2017-08-18 18:32:25 [scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror] INFO: Ignoring response
 <403 https://www.justdial.com/Delhi-NCR/Chemists/page-1>: HTTP status code is n
ot handled or not allowed

我在stackoverflow上看过类似的问题我尝试了一切，比如你可以在Code中看到我试过的评论，

更改了UserAgents
设置handle_httpstatus_list = [400]

注意：这个（https://www.justdial.com/Delhi-NCR/Chemists/page-1）网站甚至没有在我的系统中被阻止。当我在chrome / mozilla中打开网站时，它正在打开。这也是（https://www.practo.com/bangalore#doctor-search）网站的错误。

Answer 1

使用user_agent spider属性设置用户代理时，它会开始工作。可能设置请求标头是不够的，因为默认用户代理字符串会覆盖它。所以设置蜘蛛属性

user_agent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1"

（与设置start_urls的方式相同）并尝试使用。

Answer 2

您的调查显示问题似乎与HTTP客户端（scrapy）有关，而不是网络问题（防火墙，IP禁令）。

阅读scrapy文档以打开调试日志记录。您想要查看scrapy发出的HTTP请求的内容。它可能包括当用户代理仍处于scrapy时由网站设置的cookie。

https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/debug.html

https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/faq.html?highlight=cookies#how-can-i-see-the-cookies-being-sent-and-received-from-scrapy

Answer 3

As（TomášLinhart）提到，我们必须在useragents中添加setting.py设置，例如

USER_AGENT ='Mozilla / 5.0（Windows NT 6.1; WOW64）AppleWebKit / 537.1 （KHTML，像Gecko一样）Chrome / 22.0.1207.1 Safari / 537.1'

错误403：scrapy中未处理或不允许HTTP状态代码

3 个答案: