关闭可能比当前功能更长

时间:2017-08-17 21:47:12

标签: rust closures lifetime

我刚开始学习Rust。为此我在Rust中重写我的C ++项目,但最大的问题是闭包的生命周期等。

我创建了here及以下问题的绝对最小问题:

use std::sync::Arc;
use std::cell::{RefCell, Cell};

struct Context {
    handler: RefCell<Option<Arc<Handler>>>,
}

impl Context {
    pub fn new() -> Arc<Context> {
        let context = Arc::new(Context{
            handler: RefCell::new(None),
        });

        let handler = Handler::new(context.clone());

        (*context.handler.borrow_mut()) = Some(handler);

        context
    }

    pub fn get_handler(&self) -> Arc<Handler> {
        self.handler.borrow().as_ref().unwrap().clone()
    }
}

struct Handler {
    context: Arc<Context>,

    clickables: RefCell<Vec<Arc<Clickable>>>,
}

impl Handler {
    pub fn new(context: Arc<Context>) -> Arc<Handler> {
        Arc::new(Handler{
            context: context,

            clickables: RefCell::new(Vec::new()),
        })
    }

    pub fn add_clickable(&self, clickable: Arc<Clickable>) {
        self.clickables.borrow_mut().push(clickable);
    }

    pub fn remove_clickable(&self, clickable: Arc<Clickable>) {
        // remove stuff ...
    }
}

struct Clickable {
    context: Arc<Context>,

    callback: RefCell<Option<Box<Fn()>>>,
}

impl Clickable {
    pub fn new(context: Arc<Context>) -> Arc<Clickable> {
        let clickable = Arc::new(Clickable{
            context: context.clone(),

            callback: RefCell::new(None),
        });

        context.get_handler().add_clickable(clickable.clone());

        clickable
    }

    pub fn remove(clickable: Arc<Clickable>) {
        clickable.context.get_handler().remove_clickable(clickable);
    }

    pub fn set_callback(&self, callback: Option<Box<Fn()>>) {
        (*self.callback.borrow_mut()) = callback;
    }

    pub fn click(&self) {
        match *self.callback.borrow() {
            Some(ref callback) => (callback)(),
            None => (),
        }
    }
}

struct Button {
    context: Arc<Context>,

    clickable: Arc<Clickable>,
}

impl Button {
    pub fn new(context: Arc<Context>) -> Arc<Button> {
        let clickable = Clickable::new(context.clone());

        let button = Arc::new(Button{
            context: context,

            clickable: clickable.clone(),
        });

        let tmp_callback = Box::new(|| {
            button.do_stuff();
        });
        clickable.set_callback(Some(tmp_callback));

        button
    }

    pub fn do_stuff(&self) {
        // doing crazy stuff
        let mut i = 0;

        for j in 0..100 {
            i = j*i;
        }
    }

    pub fn click(&self) {
        self.clickable.click();
    }
}

impl Drop for Button {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        Clickable::remove(self.clickable.clone());
    }
}

fn main() {
    let context = Context::new();

    let button = Button::new(context.clone());

    button.click();
}

我只是不知道如何在闭包中传递引用。

另一个丑陋的事情是我的Handler和我的Context需要彼此。有没有更好的方法来创建这种依赖?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

取消初始代码

pub fn new(context: Arc<Context>) -> Arc<Button> {
    let clickable = Clickable::new(context.clone());

    let button = Arc::new(Button{
        context: context,

        clickable: clickable.clone(),
    });

    let tmp_callback = Box::new(|| {
        button.do_stuff();
    });
    clickable.set_callback(Some(tmp_callback));

    button
}

首先,请注意您的错误

    error[E0373]: closure may outlive the current function, but it borrows `button`, which is owned by the current function
   --> src/main.rs:101:37
    |
101 |         let tmp_callback = Box::new(|| {
    |                                     ^^ may outlive borrowed value `button`
102 |             button.do_stuff();
    |             ------ `button` is borrowed here
    |
help: to force the closure to take ownership of `button` (and any other referenced variables), use the `move` keyword, as shown:
    |         let tmp_callback = Box::new(move || {

注意到底部的help块,您需要使用move闭包,因为当new函数结束时,堆栈上的button变量将会出现超出范围。避免这种情况的唯一方法是将其所有权移至回调本身。因此,您需要更改

let tmp_callback = Box::new(|| {

let tmp_callback = Box::new(move || {

现在,你得到第二个错误:

    error[E0382]: use of moved value: `button`
   --> src/main.rs:107:9
    |
102 |         let tmp_callback = Box::new(move || {
    |                                     ------- value moved (into closure) here
...
107 |         button
    |         ^^^^^^ value used here after move
    |
    = note: move occurs because `button` has type `std::sync::Arc<Button>`, which does not implement the `Copy` trait

这里的错误可能会更清楚一些。您尝试将button值的所有权移至回调闭包中,但当您返回时,new函数体内使用它,并且你不能试图拥有这两个不同的东西。

对此的解决方案有望成为你的猜测。您必须制作一份可以获得所有权的副本。你想要改变

let tmp_callback = Box::new(move || {
    button.do_stuff();

let button_clone = button.clone();
let tmp_callback = Box::new(move || {
    button_clone.do_stuff();

现在您已经创建了一个新的Button对象,并为该对象本身返回了Arc,同时还为回调本身提供了第二个Arc的所有权。< / p>

更新

鉴于您的评论,这里确实存在循环依赖的问题,因为您的Clickable对象拥有对Button的引用的所有权,而Button拥有对{的引用的所有权{1}}。解决这个问题的最简单方法是从

第三次更新代码
Clickable

let button_clone = button.clone();
let tmp_callback = Box::new(move || {
    button_clone.do_stuff();

因此let button_weak = Arc::downgrade(&button); let tmp_callback = Box::new(move || { if let Some(button) = button_weak.upgrade() { button.do_stuff(); } }); 只会保留对Clickable的弱引用,如果不再引用Button,则回调将为无操作。

您可能还想考虑将Button列为clickables引用而不是强引用,这样您就可以在删除引用的项目时从中删除项目。