Question

我正在尝试使用coinmate API创建一个哈希用户请求函数，该函数返回用户当前余额：

def getBalances(self):
        from urllib.request import Request, urlopen
        url = 'https://coinmate.io/api/balances'
        signature = self.makeSignature()
        values = {
            'clientId': str(self.clientId), 
            'publicKey': str(self.publicKey), 
            'nonce': str(self.nonce), 
            'signature': str(signature)
        }
        _headers = {
            'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
        }
        request = Request(url, data=values, headers=_headers)
        response_body = urlopen(request).read().decode('utf-8')   ## Type error here ##
        print(response_body)

...并且总是得到一个TypeError：无法将字节连接到str。因为它在代码中，我试图将字节类型转换为字符串，但decode（）可能没有效果。

但是，当我调用一个简单的公共请求函数时，它可以正常运行而无需任何转换：

def getOrderBook(self):
        from urllib.request import Request, urlopen
        url = 'https://coinmate.io/api/orderBook?currencyPair=BTC_CZK&groupByPriceLimit=False'      
        request = Request(url)
        response_body = urlopen(request).read()
        print(response_body)

欢迎任何建议！

编辑：瘾，这里有更详细的信息：

0）回溯：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\CaptainObvious\documents\visual studio 2015\Projects\bitbot\bitbot\bitbot.py", line 14, in <module>
    exch1.getBalances()
  File "C:\Users\CaptainObvious\documents\visual studio 2015\Projects\bitbot\bitbot\Exchange.py", line 102, in getBalances
    self.userRequest(url, values)
  File "C:\Users\CaptainObvious\documents\visual studio 2015\Projects\bitbot\bitbot\Exchange.py", line 82, in userRequest
    response_body = urlopen(request).read().decode('utf-8')
  File "C:\Users\CaptainObvious\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\urllib\request.py", line 223, in urlopen
    return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
  File "C:\Users\CaptainObvious\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\urllib\request.py", line 526, in open
    response = self._open(req, data)
  File "C:\Users\CaptainObvious\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\urllib\request.py", line 544, in _open
    '_open', req)
  File "C:\Users\CaptainObvious\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\urllib\request.py", line 504, in _call_chain
    result = func(*args)
  File "C:\Users\CaptainObvious\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1361, in https_open
    context=self._context, check_hostname=self._check_hostname)
  File "C:\Users\CaptainObvious\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1318, in do_open
    encode_chunked=req.has_header('Transfer-encoding'))
  File "C:\Users\CaptainObvious\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\http\client.py", line 1239, in request
    self._send_request(method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
  File "C:\Users\CaptainObvious\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\http\client.py", line 1285, in _send_request
    self.endheaders(body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
  File "C:\Users\CaptainObvious\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\http\client.py", line 1234, in endheaders
    self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
  File "C:\Users\CaptainObvious\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\http\client.py", line 1064, in _send_output
    + b'\r\n'
TypeError: can't concat bytes to str

此处，最好查看：https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B9hNaVJ3odeGQjNkTGZCRk1zQWs

1）属性如

publicKey，privateKey是字符串43个字符，包含[a-z A-Z 0-9 - _]
clientId和nonce是整数

2）签名

这在API文档中有很好的描述：

签名创建为使用HMAC-SHA256算法加密的消息。它的输入包含一个nonce，客户端ID和公共API密钥，例如signatureInput = nonce + clientId + publicApiKey。然后使用私钥加密此signatureInput。必须将生成的字符串转换为十六进制格式，即64个字符，仅包含数字和数字A到F.

这里实施：

def makeSignature(self):
    import hmac, hashlib
    message = str(self.getNonce()) + str(self.clientId) + str(self.publicKey)
    signature = hmac.new(key=self.privateKey.encode('utf-8'), msg=message.encode('utf-8'), digestmod=hashlib.sha256).hexdigest()
    return signature.upper()

3）Nonce

Nonce是从时间戳生成的，如下所示：

def getNonce(self):
    import time
    self.nonce = int(time.time())
    return self.nonce

Answer 1

<德尔> 尝试先读取然后解码流： response_body = urlopen（request）.read（）。decode（＆＃39; utf-8＆＃39;）文档中有一个非常类似的例子： https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/urllib.request.html#examples

编辑：通过添加的跟踪，我看到问题是数据，而不是reponse_body。

要修复它，请将值转换为字节：

values = {
        b'clientId': bytes(self.clientId, encoding='utf-8'), 
        b'publicKey': bytes(self.publicKey,encoding='utf-8'), 
        b'nonce': bytes(self.nonce, encoding='utf-8'), 
        b'signature': bytes(signature, encoding='utf-8')
    }

在编码的urlopen请求中“无法将字节连接到str”

1 个答案: