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Question

当我保存中文字符串时，mysql会出现错误＆＃34;异常值：
（1366，＆＃34;字符串值不正确：＆＃39; \ xE5 \ xB0 \ x8F \ xE6 \ x98 \ x8E＆＃39;列＆＃39;名称＆＃39;第1行和第34行;）＆＃34 ;，我检查了mysql的字符，它显示了这个：

mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | latin1                     |
| character_set_connection | latin1                     |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | latin1                     |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

而我的docker-compose.yml就像其他人一样：

web:
    image: yetongxue/docker_test:1.2
    links:
      - "db"
    ports:
      - "8100:8000"
    volumes:
      - "/Users/yetongxue/docker_v/docker_test/media:/root/media"
    restart: always

db:
    image: mysql:5.7
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: qwerasdf
      MYSQL_DATABASE: docker_db
    restart: always
    volumes:
      - "/Users/yetongxue/docker_v/docker_test/db:/var/lib/mysql"

我知道如何使用my.cnf设置mysql的字符，但是如何在docker-compose.yml中执行此操作？谁知道这个？谢谢！

Answer 1

您可以在修改my.cnf的位置构建自己的mysql图像，也可以使用--character-set-server=utf8mb4和--collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci修改启动mysql后台程序的命令。

web:
    image: yetongxue/docker_test:1.2
    links:
      - "db"
    ports:
      - "8100:8000"
    volumes:
      - "/Users/yetongxue/docker_v/docker_test/media:/root/media"
    restart: always

db:
    image: mysql:5.7
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: qwerasdf
      MYSQL_DATABASE: docker_db
    restart: always
    volumes:
      - "/Users/yetongxue/docker_v/docker_test/db:/var/lib/mysql"
    command: ['mysqld', '--character-set-server=utf8mb4', '--collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci']

我建议使用utf8mb4，因为它可以存储每个多字节字符＆＃34; 4字节＆＃34; （https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/charset-unicode-utf8mb4.html）

Answer 2

我在@Ziemowit Stolarczyk 列出的情况下阅读了 GitHub 问题。所有这些都不完全正确。 GitHub 的答案是 -e LANG=C.UTF-8。我在我的 docker-compose.yml 中使用它，但是 mysql 打印出来是这样的：

mysql>  show variables like 'char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

它不适用于数据库和服务器。所以我在 docker-compose.yml 中添加了如下配置。

command: --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

整个yaml文件是：

version: "3"
services:
  mysql:
    container_name: mysql
    image: mysql:5.7
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root
      LANG: C.UTF-8
    volumes:
      - ./mysql:/var/lib/mysql
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"
    command: --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

这是最终的输出。

mysql>  show variables like 'char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

参考

Answer 3

撰写文件用于运行容器（并可以构建图像）。您无法自定义docker-compose文件中的图像。您需要创建一个扩展 mysql 图像的自定义图像。创建一个Dockerfile：

FROM mysql:5.7
RUN <command to update my.cnf>

然后建立这个图像：

docker build -t <image-name> .

更新撰写文件：

db:
    image: <image-name-specified-above>

Answer 4

如果您想使用上述设置创建自己的docker映像，而不是在docker-compose中指定它们，可以这样做：

FROM mysql:5.5.60

RUN ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/London /etc/localtime

VOLUME ["/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d"]

CMD ["--character-set-server=utf8mb4", "--collation-server=utf8mb4_general_ci", "--skip-character-set-client-handshake"]

Answer 5

@Javier Arias 的回答很棒，但仍然有一些非 utf8 设置留在我的网站上，如下所示。

mysql> show variables like "%char%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | latin1                     |
| character_set_connection | latin1                     |
| character_set_database   | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | latin1                     |
| character_set_server     | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

它导致了一些与 docker-compose exec mysql bash 后显示的 utf8 字符和进行查询相关的问题。

添加一项环境设置后：LANG: C.UTF_8 我得到：

mysql> show variables like "%char%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

所以我认为最终的 docker-compose.yml 应该是：

db:
    image: mysql:5.7
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: qwerasdf
      MYSQL_DATABASE: docker_db
      LANG: C.UTF_8  # this one should be added
    restart: always
    volumes:
      - "/Users/yetongxue/docker_v/docker_test/db:/var/lib/mysql"
    command: --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

您可以在此处阅读与此相关的整个主题https://github.com/docker-library/mysql/issues/131。

如何使用docker-compose更改mysql的默认字符集？

5 个答案:

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