我知道这可能是一个相当愚蠢的问题，但经过两天的尝试，我想我还是会问。我对C ++很陌生，所以我认为会有一个非常简单的解决方案。
当我尝试在命令行上编译FMOD API的低级示例部分中的示例时，我总是得到FMOD内容的“未定义引用”错误。我知道库一定存在问题，但正如您在makefile中看到的那样，我试图包含所有内容：
在FMOD API的lib文件夹中是：
fmod_vc.lib，fmodL_vc.lib，fmod64_vc.lib，fmodL64_vc.lib，libfmod.a，libfmodL.a
我在Windows 8.1 64位上使用最新版本的FMOD API。问题与编译器无关。我试过GCC / Cygwin和CLANG。错误输出由MinGW生成。我想我在网上搜索得很漂亮。以下：C++:Undefined reference to 'FMOD:: X'的助手不适合我。据我所知，API中不再有fmodex_vc.lib / fmodex64_vc.lib。
这是我的makefile：
CFLAGS = -m64 -c -Wall -g --std=c++11
LFLAGS = -m64 -g -Wl,-rpath=../lib
INCLUDE_PATH = -I../inc
LIBRARY_PATH = -L../lib
LIBS = -lfmod64 -lfmodL64 -lfmod64_vc -lfmodL64_vc
all: generate_tone.o common.o common_platform.o
g++ $(LFLAGS) $(LIBRARY_PATH) generate_tone.o common.o common_platform.o -o generate.exe ../lib/libfmod.a ../lib/libfmodL.a $(LIBS)
common.o: common.cpp common.h
g++ $(CFLAGS) $(INCLUDE_PATH) common.cpp -o common.o
common_platform.o: common_platform.cpp common_platform.h
g++ $(CFLAGS) $(INCLUDE_PATH) common_platform.cpp -o common_platform.o
generate_tone.o: generate_tone.cpp
g++ $(CFLAGS) $(INCLUDE_PATH) generate_tone.cpp -o generate_tone.o
以下是错误消息：
generate_tone.o: In function `FMOD_Main()':
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:28: undefined reference to `FMOD::System::getVersion(unsigned int*)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:36: undefined reference to `FMOD::System::init(int, unsigned int, void*)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:42: undefined reference to `FMOD::System::createDSPByType(FMOD_DSP_TYPE, FMOD::DSP**)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:44: undefined reference to `FMOD::DSP::setParameterFloat(int, float)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:58: undefined reference to `FMOD::ChannelControl::stop()'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:62: undefined reference to `FMOD::System::playDSP(FMOD::DSP*, FMOD::ChannelGroup*, bool, FMOD::Channel**)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:64: undefined reference to `FMOD::ChannelControl::setVolume(float)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:66: undefined reference to `FMOD::DSP::setParameterInt(int, int)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:68: undefined reference to `FMOD::ChannelControl::setPaused(bool)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:76: undefined reference to `FMOD::ChannelControl::stop()'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:80: undefined reference to `FMOD::System::playDSP(FMOD::DSP*, FMOD::ChannelGroup*, bool, FMOD::Channel**)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:82: undefined reference to `FMOD::ChannelControl::setVolume(float)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:84: undefined reference to `FMOD::DSP::setParameterInt(int, int)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:86: undefined reference to `FMOD::ChannelControl::setPaused(bool)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:94: undefined reference to `FMOD::ChannelControl::stop()'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:98: undefined reference to `FMOD::System::playDSP(FMOD::DSP*, FMOD::ChannelGroup*, bool, FMOD::Channel**)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:100: undefined reference to `FMOD::ChannelControl::setVolume(float)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:102: undefined reference to `FMOD::DSP::setParameterInt(int, int)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:104: undefined reference to `FMOD::ChannelControl::setPaused(bool)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:112: undefined reference to `FMOD::ChannelControl::stop()'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:116: undefined reference to `FMOD::System::playDSP(FMOD::DSP*, FMOD::ChannelGroup*, bool, FMOD::Channel**)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:118: undefined reference to `FMOD::ChannelControl::setVolume(float)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:120: undefined reference to `FMOD::DSP::setParameterInt(int, int)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:122: undefined reference to `FMOD::ChannelControl::setPaused(bool)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:130: undefined reference to `FMOD::ChannelControl::stop()'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:142: undefined reference to `FMOD::ChannelControl::getVolume(float*)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:149: undefined reference to `FMOD::ChannelControl::setVolume(float)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:157: undefined reference to `FMOD::Channel::getFrequency(float*)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:162: undefined reference to `FMOD::Channel::setFrequency(float)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:167: undefined reference to `FMOD::System::update()'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:176: undefined reference to `FMOD::Channel::getFrequency(float*)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:178: undefined reference to `FMOD::ChannelControl::getVolume(float*)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:180: undefined reference to `FMOD::ChannelControl::isPlaying(bool*)'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:209: undefined reference to `FMOD::DSP::release()'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:211: undefined reference to `FMOD::System::close()'
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/generate_tone.cpp:213: undefined reference to `FMOD::System::release()'
common_platform.o: In function `Common_Init(void**)':
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/common_platform.cpp:78: undefined reference to `__imp_CoInitializeEx'
common_platform.o: In function `Common_Close()':
c:\cSandBox\fmod\examples/common_platform.cpp:83: undefined reference to `__imp_CoUninitialize'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
这是源文件：
/*==============================================================================
Generate Tone Example
Copyright (c), Firelight Technologies Pty, Ltd 2004-2017.
This example shows how to play generated tones using System::playDSP
instead of manually connecting and disconnecting DSP units.
==============================================================================*/
#include "fmod.hpp"
#include "common.h"
int FMOD_Main()
{
FMOD::System *system;
FMOD::Channel *channel = 0;
FMOD::DSP *dsp;
FMOD_RESULT result;
unsigned int version;
void *extradriverdata = 0;
Common_Init(&extradriverdata);
/*
Create a System object and initialize.
*/
result = FMOD::System_Create(&system);
ERRCHECK(result);
result = system->getVersion(&version);
ERRCHECK(result);
if (version < FMOD_VERSION)
{
Common_Fatal("FMOD lib version %08x doesn't match header version %08x", version, FMOD_VERSION);
}
result = system->init(32, FMOD_INIT_NORMAL, extradriverdata);
ERRCHECK(result);
/*
Create an oscillator DSP units for the tone.
*/
result = system->createDSPByType(FMOD_DSP_TYPE_OSCILLATOR, &dsp);
ERRCHECK(result);
result = dsp->setParameterFloat(FMOD_DSP_OSCILLATOR_RATE, 440.0f); /* Musical note 'A' */
ERRCHECK(result);
/*
Main loop
*/
do
{
Common_Update();
if (Common_BtnPress(BTN_ACTION1))
{
if (channel)
{
result = channel->stop();
ERRCHECK(result);
}
result = system->playDSP(dsp, 0, true, &channel);
ERRCHECK(result);
result = channel->setVolume(0.5f);
ERRCHECK(result);
result = dsp->setParameterInt(FMOD_DSP_OSCILLATOR_TYPE, 0);
ERRCHECK(result);
result = channel->setPaused(false);
ERRCHECK(result);
}
if (Common_BtnPress(BTN_ACTION2))
{
if (channel)
{
result = channel->stop();
ERRCHECK(result);
}
result = system->playDSP(dsp, 0, true, &channel);
ERRCHECK(result);
result = channel->setVolume(0.125f);
ERRCHECK(result);
result = dsp->setParameterInt(FMOD_DSP_OSCILLATOR_TYPE, 1);
ERRCHECK(result);
result = channel->setPaused(false);
ERRCHECK(result);
}
if (Common_BtnPress(BTN_ACTION3))
{
if (channel)
{
result = channel->stop();
ERRCHECK(result);
}
result = system->playDSP(dsp, 0, true, &channel);
ERRCHECK(result);
result = channel->setVolume(0.125f);
ERRCHECK(result);
result = dsp->setParameterInt(FMOD_DSP_OSCILLATOR_TYPE, 2);
ERRCHECK(result);
result = channel->setPaused(false);
ERRCHECK(result);
}
if (Common_BtnPress(BTN_ACTION4))
{
if (channel)
{
result = channel->stop();
ERRCHECK(result);
}
result = system->playDSP(dsp, 0, true, &channel);
ERRCHECK(result);
result = channel->setVolume(0.5f);
ERRCHECK(result);
result = dsp->setParameterInt(FMOD_DSP_OSCILLATOR_TYPE, 4);
ERRCHECK(result);
result = channel->setPaused(false);
ERRCHECK(result);
}
if (Common_BtnPress(BTN_MORE))
{
if (channel)
{
result = channel->stop();
ERRCHECK(result);
channel = 0;
}
}
if (channel)
{
if (Common_BtnDown(BTN_UP) || Common_BtnDown(BTN_DOWN))
{
float volume;
result = channel->getVolume(&volume);
ERRCHECK(result);
volume += (Common_BtnDown(BTN_UP) ? +0.1f : -0.1f);
volume = (volume > 1.0f) ? 1.0f : volume;
volume = (volume < 0.0f) ? 0.0f : volume;
result = channel->setVolume(volume);
ERRCHECK(result);
}
if (Common_BtnDown(BTN_LEFT) || Common_BtnDown(BTN_RIGHT))
{
float frequency;
result = channel->getFrequency(&frequency);
ERRCHECK(result);
frequency += (Common_BtnDown(BTN_RIGHT) ? +500.0f : -500.0f);
result = channel->setFrequency(frequency);
ERRCHECK(result);
}
}
result = system->update();
ERRCHECK(result);
{
float frequency = 0.0f, volume = 0.0f;
bool playing = false;
if (channel)
{
result = channel->getFrequency(&frequency);
ERRCHECK(result);
result = channel->getVolume(&volume);
ERRCHECK(result);
result = channel->isPlaying(&playing);
ERRCHECK(result);
}
Common_Draw("==================================================");
Common_Draw("Generate Tone Example.");
Common_Draw("Copyright (c) Firelight Technologies 2004-2017.");
Common_Draw("==================================================");
Common_Draw("");
Common_Draw("Press %s to play a sine wave", Common_BtnStr(BTN_ACTION1));
Common_Draw("Press %s to play a square wave", Common_BtnStr(BTN_ACTION2));
Common_Draw("Press %s to play a saw wave", Common_BtnStr(BTN_ACTION3));
Common_Draw("Press %s to play a triangle wave", Common_BtnStr(BTN_ACTION4));
Common_Draw("Press %s to stop the channel", Common_BtnStr(BTN_MORE));
Common_Draw("Press %s and %s to change volume", Common_BtnStr(BTN_UP), Common_BtnStr(BTN_DOWN));
Common_Draw("Press %s and %s to change frequency", Common_BtnStr(BTN_LEFT), Common_BtnStr(BTN_RIGHT));
Common_Draw("Press %s to quit", Common_BtnStr(BTN_QUIT));
Common_Draw("");
Common_Draw("Channel is %s", playing ? "playing" : "stopped");
Common_Draw("Volume %0.2f", volume);
Common_Draw("Frequency %0.2f", frequency);
}
Common_Sleep(50);
} while (!Common_BtnPress(BTN_QUIT));
/*
Shut down
*/
result = dsp->release();
ERRCHECK(result);
result = system->close();
ERRCHECK(result);
result = system->release();
ERRCHECK(result);
Common_Close();
return 0;
}
编译效果很好，我错过了一个图书馆吗？
答案 0 :(得分：0)
事实上，解决方案是C++:Undefined reference to 'FMOD:: X'，但我没有看到。我试图在这里明确任何人，他们遇到了同样的问题。
“因为这些功能的名称修改系统在编译器中没有标准化，很少的链接器可以链接由不同编译器生成的目标代码。” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_mangling#How_different_compilers_mangle_the_same_functions
因此，我使用的编译器都不能处理Visual Studio编译库。