使用用户提交的密码进行WebCrypto字符串加密

时间:2017-08-11 13:33:38

标签: javascript string encryption passwords webcryptoapi

使用JavaScript和WebCrypto API(没有任何外部库),使用从用户提交的密码派生的密钥加密字符串的最佳方法是什么?

这里有一些代码,其中密钥不是派生的,而是由generatekey()函数生成的。目标是加密字符串,然后解密它以验证我们返回原始字符串:

var secretmessage = "";
var password = "";
var key_object = null; 
var promise_key = null;
var encrypted_data = null;
var encrypt_promise = null;
var vector = window.crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(16));
var decrypt_promise = null;
var decrypted_data = null;

function encryptThenDecrypt() {
    secretmessage = document.getElementById("secretmessageField").value; // some string to encrypt

    promise_key = window.crypto.subtle.generateKey(
        {
            name: "AES-GCM",
            length: 128
        },
        false,
        ["encrypt", "decrypt"]
    );
    promise_key.then(function(key) {
        key_object = key;
        encrypt_data();
    });
    promise_key.catch = function(e) {
        alert("Error while generating key: " + e.message);
    }
}

function encrypt_data() {
    encrypt_promise = window.crypto.subtle.encrypt({name: "AES-GCM", iv: vector}, key_object, convertStringToArrayBuffer(secretmessage));
    encrypt_promise.then(
        function(result) {
            encrypted_data = new Uint8Array(result);
            decrypt_data();
        }, 
        function(e) {
            alert("Error while encrypting data: " + e.message);
        }
    );
}

function decrypt_data() {
    decrypt_promise = window.crypto.subtle.decrypt({name: "AES-GCM", iv: vector}, key_object, encrypted_data);

    decrypt_promise.then(
        function(result){
            decrypted_data = new Uint8Array(result);
            alert("Decrypted data: " + convertArrayBuffertoString(decrypted_data));
        },
        function(e) {
            alert("Error while decrypting data: " + e.message);
        }
    );
}

function convertStringToArrayBuffer(str) {
    var encoder = new TextEncoder("utf-8");
    return encoder.encode(str);
}   
function convertArrayBuffertoString(buffer) {
    var decoder = new TextDecoder("utf-8");
    return decoder.decode(buffer);
}

适用于所有最近的浏览器。

现在我尝试修改encryptThenDecrypt()功能,以便从用户提交的密码中获取密钥:

function encryptThenDecrypt() {
    secretmessage = document.getElementById("secretmessageField").value; // some string to encrypt
    password = document.getElementById("passwordField").value; // some user-chosen password

    promise_key = window.crypto.subtle.importKey(
        "raw",
        convertStringToArrayBuffer(password),
        {"name": "PBKDF2"},
        false,
        ["deriveKey"]
    );
    promise_key.then(function(importedPassword) {
        return window.crypto.subtle.deriveKey(
            {
                "name": "PBKDF2",
                "salt": convertStringToArrayBuffer("the salt is this random string"),
                "iterations": 500,
                "hash": "SHA-256"
            },
            importedPassword,
            {
                "name": "AES-GCM",
                "length": 128
            },
            false,
            ["encrypt", "decrypt"]
        );
    });
    promise_key.then(function(key) {
        key_object = key;
        encrypt_data();
    });
    promise_key.catch = function(e) {
        alert("Error while importing key: " + e.message);
    }
}

失败了。错误消息是:

  • Safari 11:CryptoKey doesn't match AlgorithmIdentifier
  • Firefox 54:A parameter or an operation is not supported by the underlying object
  • Chromium 61:key.algorithm does not match that of operation

必须要修理一些简单的东西,但我无法理解。任何帮助将不胜感激。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

您的代码中有一点错误。与crypto无关,只是承诺。

Promise在调用.then()方法时不会更新状态,而是返回新的promise。在代码中看到,您正在通过调用密钥派生函数来丢弃产生的承诺。然后,在加密数据时,您将重用密码承诺,而不是密钥。

您应该将密钥派生中产生的承诺保存在一个新变量中:

let promise_derived_key = promise_key.then(function(importedPassword) {
    return window.crypto.subtle.deriveKey(
        // [...]
    );
});
promise_derived_key.then(function(key) {
    // [...]

或将调用链接到.then()

promise_key = window.crypto.subtle.importKey(
    // [...]
).then(function(importedPassword) {
    return window.crypto.subtle.deriveKey(
        // [...]
    );
});
promise_key.then(function(key) {
    // [...]

[working example on JSFiddle]

  

顺便说一下,你会想要使用很多比500更多的PBKDF2迭代。(info