我需要一些帮助来理解Linux的`try_cmpxchg语义和实现。在内核源代码中,它实现为:
#define __raw_try_cmpxchg(_ptr, _pold, _new, size, lock) \
({ \
bool success; \
__typeof__(_ptr) _old = (_pold); \
__typeof__(*(_ptr)) __old = *_old; \
__typeof__(*(_ptr)) __new = (_new); \
switch (size) { \
case __X86_CASE_B: \
{ \
volatile u8 *__ptr = (volatile u8 *)(_ptr); \
asm volatile(lock "cmpxchgb %[new], %[ptr]" \
CC_SET(z) \
: CC_OUT(z) (success), \
[ptr] "+m" (*__ptr), \
[old] "+a" (__old) \
: [new] "q" (__new) \
: "memory"); \
break; \
} \
case __X86_CASE_W: \
{ \
volatile u16 *__ptr = (volatile u16 *)(_ptr); \
asm volatile(lock "cmpxchgw %[new], %[ptr]" \
CC_SET(z) \
: CC_OUT(z) (success), \
[ptr] "+m" (*__ptr), \
[old] "+a" (__old) \
: [new] "r" (__new) \
: "memory"); \
break; \
} \
case __X86_CASE_L: \
{ \
volatile u32 *__ptr = (volatile u32 *)(_ptr); \
asm volatile(lock "cmpxchgl %[new], %[ptr]" \
CC_SET(z) \
: CC_OUT(z) (success), \
[ptr] "+m" (*__ptr), \
[old] "+a" (__old) \
: [new] "r" (__new) \
: "memory"); \
break; \
} \
case __X86_CASE_Q: \
{ \
volatile u64 *__ptr = (volatile u64 *)(_ptr); \
asm volatile(lock "cmpxchgq %[new], %[ptr]" \
CC_SET(z) \
: CC_OUT(z) (success), \
[ptr] "+m" (*__ptr), \
[old] "+a" (__old) \
: [new] "r" (__new) \
: "memory"); \
break; \
} \
default: \
__cmpxchg_wrong_size(); \
} \
if (unlikely(!success)) \
*_old = __old; \
likely(success); \
})
#define __try_cmpxchg(ptr, pold, new, size) \
__raw_try_cmpxchg((ptr), (pold), (new), (size), LOCK_PREFIX)
#define try_cmpxchg(ptr, pold, new) \
__try_cmpxchg((ptr), (pold), (new), sizeof(*(ptr)))
我很好奇那些CC_SET
和CC_OUT
意味着什么。它们被定义为:
/*
* Macros to generate condition code outputs from inline assembly,
* The output operand must be type "bool".
*/
#ifdef __GCC_ASM_FLAG_OUTPUTS__
# define CC_SET(c) "\n\t/* output condition code " #c "*/\n"
# define CC_OUT(c) "=@cc" #c
#else
# define CC_SET(c) "\n\tset" #c " %[_cc_" #c "]\n"
# define CC_OUT(c) [_cc_ ## c] "=qm"
#endif
另外,如果你能解释try_cmpxchg
的确切语义(不太明白原子cmpxchg
怎么会失败......),那就太棒了。)
答案 0 :(得分:3)
较新版本的gcc(我相信版本6)支持特定的标志输出。如果可用,宏将使用此支持,否则通过执行setCC
指令和临时输出回退到旧方法。
关于cmpxchg
如何"失败":它进行比较,因此如果比较失败则失败,在这种情况下目标不变并且当前值从内存中获取。有关详细信息,请参阅指令集参考。