我的意图是实施两种类型的STI：员工和临床医师。我以前的实现是使用enums的角色，并且在尽力遵循类似问题的答案后，取出测试中的所有引用等来枚举角色并替换对类型的引用，当我获得以下错误时会出现以下错误的许多版本运行我的测试套件：
ERROR["test_valid_signup_information_with_account_activation", UsersSignupTest, 1.01794000000001]
test_valid_signup_information_with_account_activation#UsersSignupTest (1.02s)
ActiveRecord::SubclassNotFound: ActiveRecord::SubclassNotFound: The single-table inheritance mechanism failed to locate the subclass: 'Staff'. This error is raised because the column 'type' is reserved for storing the class in case of inheritance. Please rename this column if you didn't intend it to be used for storing the inheritance class or overwrite User.inheritance_column to use another column for that information.
app/controllers/users_controller.rb:19:in `create'
test/integration/users_signup_test.rb:27:in `block (2 levels) in <class:UsersSignupTest>'
test/integration/users_signup_test.rb:26:in `block in <class:UsersSignupTest>'
以下几个方面让我感到困惑，可能会隐藏问题：
在我的用户模型user.rb中，我认为我正确定义了子类（工作人员和临床医师），但我不确定我是否正确包装了所有内容。是否所有其他代码都必须包含在其中一个类中？我在滥用＆＃34;结束＆＃34;？
class User < ApplicationRecord
end
class Staff < User
end
class Clinician < User
end
belongs_to :university
has_many :referral_requests
attr_accessor :remember_token, :activation_token, :reset_token
before_save :downcase_email
before_create :create_activation_digest
validates :name, presence: true, length: { maximum: 50 }
VALID_EMAIL_REGEX = /\A[\w+\-.]+@[a-z\d\-]+(\.[a-z\d\-]+)*\.[a-z]+\z/i
validates :email, presence: true, length: { maximum: 255 },
format: { with: VALID_EMAIL_REGEX },
uniqueness: { case_sensitive: false }
validates :type, presence: true
validates :university_id, presence: true, if: lambda { self.type == 'Staff' }
has_secure_password
validates :password, presence: true, length: { minimum: 6 }, allow_nil: true
# Returns the hash digest of the given string.
def User.digest(string)
cost = ActiveModel::SecurePassword.min_cost ? BCrypt::Engine::MIN_COST :
BCrypt::Engine.cost
BCrypt::Password.create(string, cost: cost)
end
# Returns a random token.
def User.new_token
SecureRandom.urlsafe_base64
end
# Remembers a user in the database for use in persistent sessions.
def remember
self.remember_token = User.new_token
update_attribute(:remember_digest, User.digest(remember_token))
end
# Returns true if the given token matches the digest.
def authenticated?(remember_token)
return false if remember_digest.nil?
BCrypt::Password.new(remember_digest).is_password?(remember_token)
end
# Forgets a user.
def forget
update_attribute(:remember_digest, nil)
end
# Returns true if the given token matches the digest.
def authenticated?(attribute, token)
digest = send("#{attribute}_digest")
return false if digest.nil?
BCrypt::Password.new(digest).is_password?(token)
end
# Activates an account.
def activate
update_attribute(:activated, true)
update_attribute(:activated_at, Time.zone.now)
end
# Sends activation email.
def send_activation_email
UserMailer.account_activation(self).deliver_now
end
# Sets the password reset attributes.
def create_reset_digest
self.reset_token = User.new_token
update_attribute(:reset_digest, User.digest(reset_token))
update_attribute(:reset_sent_at, Time.zone.now)
end
# Sends password reset email.
def send_password_reset_email
UserMailer.password_reset(self).deliver_now
end
# Returns true if a password reset has expired.
def password_reset_expired?
reset_sent_at < 2.hours.ago
end
def feed
ReferralRequest.where("user_id = ?", id)
end
private
# Converts email to all lower-case.
def downcase_email
self.email = email.downcase
end
# Creates and assigns the activation token and digest.
def create_activation_digest
self.activation_token = User.new_token
self.activation_digest = User.digest(activation_token)
end
end
这里是失败的特定测试代码（测试套件中许多失败的测试代码之一 - 但所有用户参数的定义都相似）。我是否适当地传递了工作人员参数？
test "valid signup information with account activation" do
get signup_path
assert_difference 'User.count', 1 do
post users_path, params: { user: { name: "Example User",
email: "user@example.com",
university_id: 1 ,
type: "Staff",
password: "password",
password_confirmation: "password" } }
这是我的用户表架构：
create_table "users", force: :cascade do |t|
t.string "name"
t.string "email"
t.datetime "created_at", null: false
t.datetime "updated_at", null: false
t.string "password_digest"
t.string "remember_digest"
t.string "activation_digest"
t.boolean "activated", default: false
t.datetime "activated_at"
t.string "reset_digest"
t.datetime "reset_sent_at"
t.integer "university_id"
t.integer "role"
t.string "type"
t.index ["email"], name: "index_users_on_email", unique: true
end
非常感谢任何想法！我在这里问了很多问题，但只是在尝试了很长一段时间后才能解决类似问题。
答案 0 :(得分：1)
假设上面的代码示例是准确的，您会看到此错误，因为user.rb文件是无效的Ruby并且无法解析。您还应该看到解释器错误。
class User < ApplicationRecord
belongs_to :university
has_many :referral_requests
attr_accessor :remember_token, :activation_token, :reset_token
before_save :downcase_email
before_create :create_activation_digest
validates :name, presence: true, length: { maximum: 50 }
VALID_EMAIL_REGEX = /\A[\w+\-.]+@[a-z\d\-]+(\.[a-z\d\-]+)*\.[a-z]+\z/i
validates :email, presence: true, length: { maximum: 255 },
format: { with: VALID_EMAIL_REGEX },
uniqueness: { case_sensitive: false }
validates :type, presence: true
has_secure_password
validates :password, presence: true, length: { minimum: 6 }, allow_nil: true
# etc...
end
class Staff < User
validates :university_id, presence: true
end
class Clinician < User
end
标准类继承实践适用，因此如果其中的代码仅适用于特定的子类，则应移动到那里（例如university_id验证移至Staff）。
# Returns the hash digest of the given string.
def User.digest(string)
cost = ActiveModel::SecurePassword.min_cost ? BCrypt::Engine::MIN_COST :
BCrypt::Engine.cost
BCrypt::Password.create(string, cost: cost)
end
# Returns a random token.
def User.new_token
SecureRandom.urlsafe_base64
end
这些应该写成
def self.digest(string)
# ...
end
def self.new_token
# ...
end
或者，
class << self
def digest(string)
# ...
end
def new_token
# ...
end
end