OCaml,refs和树的意外行为

时间:2017-08-01 12:53:36

标签: debugging tree ocaml ref

我试图为树的每个元素分配一个数字。我认为使用refs会使任务更容易,但我遇到了一个奇怪的行为:分配的数字并不是唯一的,也没有出现明确的模式。我设法修复了这个错误(添加let unboxed = !second_ref in行),但我不明白发生了什么。

输出控制台中的第一个树只是确保print_tree函数输出它应该的内容。

但是,第二次打印所需的输出应与第三次打印完全相同。我错过了什么?

type ('a, 'b) tree =
  | Node of 'a * ('a, 'b) tree * ('a, 'b) tree
  | Leaf of 'b

let print_tree tree string_of_node string_of_leaf  =
  let rec print indent tree =
    match tree with
    | Leaf (l) -> print_string (indent^" -> "^string_of_leaf(l)^"\n")
    | Node (n, left, right) ->
      Printf.printf "%s-----------\n" indent;
      print (indent ^ "|         ") left;
      Printf.printf "%s%s\n" indent (string_of_node(n));
      print (indent ^ "|         ") right;
      Printf.printf "%s-----------\n" indent
  in print "" tree 

let myTree = Node(1,Node(2,Leaf(3),Leaf(4)),Node(5,Leaf(6),Leaf(7))) ;;

let first_ref = ref 0 ;;
let rec bug tree = 
  first_ref := !first_ref+ 1;
  match tree with
  |Leaf(a) -> Leaf(!first_ref)
  |Node(n,l,r) -> Node(!first_ref, bug l, bug r) ;;

let second_ref = ref 0 ;;
let rec bug_fixed tree = 
  second_ref := !second_ref + 1;
  let unboxed = !second_ref in
  match tree with
  |Leaf(a) -> Leaf(unboxed)
  |Node(n,l,r) -> Node(unboxed, bug_fixed l, bug_fixed r) ;;


let bug_tree = bug myTree ;;
let bug_fixed_tree = bug_fixed myTree ;;

print_tree myTree string_of_int string_of_int ;
print_tree bug_tree string_of_int string_of_int ;
print_tree bug_fixed_tree string_of_int string_of_int ;

输出如下:

-----------
|         -----------
|         |          -> 3
|         2
|         |          -> 4
|         -----------
1
|         -----------
|         |          -> 6
|         5
|         |          -> 7
|         -----------
-----------
-----------
|         -----------
|         |          -> 7
|         7
|         |          -> 6
|         -----------
7
|         -----------
|         |          -> 4
|         4
|         |          -> 3
|         -----------
-----------
-----------
|         -----------
|         |          -> 7
|         5
|         |          -> 6
|         -----------
1
|         -----------
|         |          -> 4
|         2
|         |          -> 3
|         -----------
-----------

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:6)

bug函数中,出现了这个有问题的表达式:

Node(!first_ref, bug l, bug r)

它的行为取决于参数的评估顺序:bug lbug r增量first_ref,因此传递的值可能不是您想要的。

您可以通过以下方式强制执行订单:

let v = !first ref in
let new_l = bug l in
let new_r = bug r in
Node (v, new_l, new_r)