Question

我使用POST请求在python中编写了一些代码来从网页中获取特定数据。但是，当我运行它时，除了空白控制台外，我得不到任何结果。我已经尝试相应地填写请求参数。也许，我无法注意哪些应该包含在参数中。我正在处理的页面包含右侧面板中的几个图像。当点击图像时，我在这里谈论的请求被发送到服务器并带回结果并显示有关其“味道”的新信息。我的目标是解析与每个图像相关的所有风格。无论如何，我试图附上所有必要的东西，以找出我所缺少的东西。提前谢谢。

这是我从chrome开发人员工具中获得的，用于准备POST请求：

===================================================================================
General:
 Request URL:https://www.optigura.com/product/ajax/details.php
 Request Method:POST
 Status Code:200 OK

Response Headers:
 Cache-Control:no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate
 Cache-Control:max-age=0, no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
 Connection:Keep-Alive
 Content-Encoding:gzip
 Content-Length:782
 Content-Type:text/html; charset=utf-8

Request Headers:
 Accept:application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01
 Accept-Encoding:gzip, deflate, br
 Accept-Language:en-US,en;q=0.8
 Connection:keep-alive
 Content-Length:34
 Content-Type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded
 Cookie:OGSESSID=s1qqd0euokbfrdub9pf2efubh1; _ga=GA1.2.449310094.1501502802; _gid=GA1.2.791686763.1501502802; _gat=1; __atuvc=1%7C31; __atuvs=597f1d5241db0352000; beyable-TrackingId=499b4c5b-2939-479b-aaf0-e5cd79f078cc; aaaaaaaaa066e9a68e5654b829144016246e1a736=d5758131-71db-41e1-846d-6d719d381060.1501502805122.1501502805122.$bey$https%3a%2f%2fwww.optigura.com%2fuk%2fproduct%2fgold-standard-100-whey%2f$bey$1; aaaaaaaaa066e9a68e5654b829144016246e1a736_cs=; aaaaaaaaa066e9a68e5654b829144016246e1a736_v=1.1.0; checkloc-uk=n
 Host:www.optigura.com
 Origin:https://www.optigura.com
 Referer:https://www.optigura.com/uk/product/gold-standard-100-whey/
 User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/59.0.3071.115 Safari/537.36
 X-Requested-With:XMLHttpRequest

Form Data:
opt:flavor
opt1:207
opt2:47
ip:105
=======================================================================================

以下是我正在尝试的内容：

import requests
from lxml import html

payload = {"opt":"flavor","opt1":"207","opt2":"47","ip":"105"}
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36'}
response = requests.post("https://www.optigura.com/product/ajax/details.php", params = payload, headers = headers).text
print(response)

这是该网页的原始链接： https://www.optigura.com/uk/product/gold-standard-100-whey/

Answer 1

您没有在POST正文中发送值，params设置了URL查询参数。请改用data：

response = requests.post(
    "https://www.optigura.com/product/ajax/details.php",
    data=payload, 
    headers=headers)

您可能需要设置引荐来源标头（将'Referer': 'https://www.optigura.com/uk/product/gold-standard-100-whey/'添加到标头词典中），并使用session object来捕获和管理Cookie（首先向https://www.optigura.com/uk/product/gold-standard-100-whey/发出GET请求）

通过一些实验，我注意到该网站还要求在{＃1}}标题回复之前设置它。

以下作品：

X-Requested-With

响应来自JSON数据：

with requests.session():
    session.get('https://www.optigura.com/uk/product/gold-standard-100-whey/')
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36',
        'Referer': 'https://www.optigura.com/uk/product/gold-standard-100-whey/',
        'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'
    }
    response = session.post(
        "https://www.optigura.com/product/ajax/details.php",
        data=payload, headers=headers)

Answer 2

您应该尝试以下请求结构：

要发送的数据：

data = {'opt': 'flavor', 'opt1': '207', 'opt2': '47', 'ip': 105}

接头：

headers = {'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'}

URL：

url = 'https://www.optigura.com/product/ajax/details.php'

您还需要获取Cookie，因此需要requests.session()：

s = requests.session()
r = s.get('https://www.optigura.com/uk/product/gold-standard-100-whey/')
cookies = r.cookies

完整请求：

response = s.post(url, cookies=cookies, headers=headers, data=data)

现在，您可以获得所需的HTML作为

print(response.json()['info2'])

输出：

'<ul class="opt2"><li class="active">
                    <label>
                        <input type="radio" name="ipr" value="1360" data-opt-sel="47" checked="checked" /> Delicious Strawberry - <span class="green">In Stock</span></label>
                </li><li>
                    <label>
                        <input type="radio" name="ipr" value="1356" data-opt-sel="15"  /> Double Rich Chocolate - <span class="green">In Stock</span></label>
                </li><li>
                    <label>
                        <input type="radio" name="ipr" value="1169" data-opt-sel="16"  /> Vanilla Ice Cream - <span class="green">In Stock</span></label>
                </li></ul>'

然后您可以使用lxml来剔除风味值：

from lxml import html

flavors = response.json()['info2']
source = html.fromstring(flavors)

[print(element.replace(' - ', '').strip()) for element in source.xpath('//label/text()[2]')]

输出：

Delicious Strawberry
Double Rich Chocolate
Vanilla Ice Cream

POST请求给出空结果

2 个答案: