使用f-strings

时间:2017-07-25 17:41:21

标签: python python-3.x f-string

Python f字符串(PEP 498)有一种简单的方法可以修复小数点后的位数吗? (特别是f-strings,而不是其他字符串格式化选项,如.format或%)

例如,假设我想在小数位后面显示2位数。

我该怎么做?

a = 10.1234

f'{a:.2}'
Out[2]: '1e+01'

f'{a:.4}'
Out[3]: '10.12'

a = 100.1234

f'{a:.4}'
Out[5]: '100.1'

正如您所看到的,“精确度”已经改变了“小数点后的位数”的含义,就像使用%格式时的情况一样,仅改为总数。我怎么能始终在小数点后得到2位数,无论我有多大的数字?

8 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:196)

在格式表达式中包含类型说明符:

>>> a = 10.1234
>>> f'{a:.2f}'
'10.12'

答案 1 :(得分:36)

对于float号码,您可以使用format specifiers

f'{value:{width}.{precision}}'

其中:

  • value是任何计算结果为
  • 的表达式
  • width指定要显示的总计字符数,但如果value需要的空间大于宽度指定的空间,则使用额外的空格。
  • precision表示小数点后使用的字符数

您缺少的是十进制值的类型说明符。在这个link中,您可以找到浮点和小数的可用表示类型。

这里有一些示例,使用f(固定点)演示文稿类型:

# notice that it adds spaces to reach the number of characters specified by width
In [1]: f'{1 + 3 * 1.5:10.3f}'
Out[1]: '     5.500'

# notice that it uses more characters than the ones specified in width
In [2]: f'{3000 + 3 ** (1 / 2):2.1f}' 
Out[2]: '3001.7'

In [3]: f'{1.2345 + 4 ** (1 / 2):9.6f}'
Out[3]: ' 3.234500'

# omitting width but providing precision will use the required characters to display the number with the the specified decimal places
In [4]: f'{1.2345 + 3 * 2:.3f}' 
Out[4]: '7.234'

# not specifying the format will display the number with as many digits as Python calculates
In [5]: f'{1.2345 + 3 * 0.5}'
Out[5]: '2.7344999999999997'

答案 2 :(得分:18)

罗伯(Robs)的回答:如果您要打印大量数字,使用千位分隔符可能会很有帮助(请注意逗号)。

>>> f'{a*1000:,.2f}'
'10,123.40'

答案 3 :(得分:15)

使用带有 f个字符串more here)的格式说明符。

  • 您可以控制小数位数
pi = 3.141592653589793238462643383279

print(f'The first 6 decimals of pi are {pi:.6f}.')
The first 6 decimals of pi are 3.141593.
  • 您可以将其转换为百分比
grade = 29/45

print(f'My grade rounded to 3 decimals is {grade:.3%}.')
My grade rounded to 3 decimals is 64.444%.
  • 您还可以执行其他操作,例如打印恒定长度
from random import randint
for i in range(5):
    print(f'My money is {randint(0, 150):>3}$')
My money is 126$
My money is   7$
My money is 136$
My money is  15$
My money is  88$
  • 甚至使用逗号分隔符进行打印:
print(f'I am worth {10000000000:,}$')
I am worth 10,000,000,000$

答案 4 :(得分:2)

考虑:
>>> number1 = 10.1234
>>> f'{number1:.2f}'
'10.12'
句法:
"{" [field_name] ["!" conversion] [":" format_spec] "}"
解释:
# Let's break it down...
#       [field_name]     => number1
#       ["!" conversion] => Not used
#       [format_spec]    => [.precision][type] 
#                        => .[2][f] => .2f  # where f means Fixed-point notation

更进一步,格式字符串具有以下语法。如您所见,还有很多事情可以做。

Syntax: "{" [field_name] ["!" conversion] [":" format_spec] "}"

# let's understand what each field means...
    field_name        ::=  arg_name ("." attribute_name | "[" element_index "]")*
    arg_name          ::=  [identifier | digit+]
    attribute_name    ::=  identifier
    element_index     ::=  digit+ | index_string
    index_string      ::=  <any source character except "]"> +
    conversion        ::=  "r" | "s" | "a"
    format_spec       ::=  [[fill]align][sign][#][0][width][grouping_option][.precision][type]

            # Looking at the underlying fields under format_spec...
            fill            ::=  <any character>
            align           ::=  "<" | ">" | "=" | "^"
            sign            ::=  "+" | "-" | " "
            width           ::=  digit+
            grouping_option ::=  "_" | ","
            precision       ::=  digit+
            type            ::=  "b" | "c" | "d" | "e" | "E" | "f" | "F" | "g" | "G" | "n" | "o" | "s" | "x" | "X" | "%"

参考https://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html#format-string-syntax

答案 5 :(得分:1)

四舍五入...

import datetime as dt
now = dt.datetime(2000, 1, 30, 15, 10, 15, 900)
now_mil = round(now.microsecond/1000)
print(f"{now:%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S.}{now_mil:03}")

输出:2000/01/30 15:10:15.001

答案 6 :(得分:0)

a = 10.1234

print(f"{a:0.2f}")

在0.2f中:

  • 0告诉python对要转换的位数不加限制 显示
  • .2表示我们只希望小数点后两位 (结果将与round()函数相同)
  • f告诉我们这是一个浮点数。如果您忘记了f,则它将在小数点后少打印1位数字。在这种情况下,只能是小数点后1位。

有关f字符串的数字的详细视频 https://youtu.be/RtKUsUTY6to?t=606

答案 7 :(得分:0)

简单

a = 10.1234
print(f"{a:.1f}")

输出:10.1

a = 10.1234
print(f"{a:.2f}")

输出:10.12

a = 10.1234
print(f"{a:.3f}")

输出:10.123

a = 10.1234
print(f"{a:.4f}")

输出:10.1234

只需更改小数点符号后的值,该值代表您要打印的小数点数。