我在Python3中测试了以下JSON模式（testschema.json）。
我一直收到属性"alpha"的验证错误，我尝试以各种方式宣布该属性无济于事。
{
"id": "testschema",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
"description": "test schema",
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"traffic_parameters": {
"properties": {
"test_type": {
"type": "string",
"enum": ["AA", "BB"]
},
"capacity": {
"oneOf": [
{
"properties": {
"min_percentage": {
"type": "integer",
"minimum" : 1,
"maximum" : 150,
"additionalProperties": false
},
"max_percentage": {
"type": "integer",
"minimum" : 1,
"maximum" : 150,
"additionalProperties": false
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
},
{
"properties": {
"percentage_range": {
"type": "array",
"minItems": 1,
"maxItems": 10,
"items": {
"type": "integer"
},
"additionalProperties": false
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}
]
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
},
"alpha": {
"properties": {
"beta": {
"oneOf": [
{
"properties": {
"AA": {
"a": [90, 95],
"b": [4, 8],
"additionalProperties": false
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
},
{
"properties": {
"BB": {
"a": [100],
"b": [0],
"c": [0],
"additionalProperties": false
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
},
{
"properties": {
"CC": {
"a": [50],
"b": [50],
"additionalProperties": false
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
},
{
"properties": {
"DD": {
"a": [0],
"b": [0],
"c": [100],
"additionalProperties": false
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}
]
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}
},
"required": ["traffic_parameters", "alpha"]
}
以下是使用此架构的测试JSON（test.json）。
{
"traffic_parameters": {
"test_type": "BB",
"capacity": {
"percentage_range": [1,2,3,4,5,6]
}
},
"alpha": {
"beta": "AA"
}
}
当我使用Python3 jsonschema模块
with open("testschema.json") as schema_file:
test_schema = json.load(schema_file)
schema_file.close()
with open("test.json") as json_file:
test_json = json.load(json_file)
json_file.close()
validate(test_json, test_schema)
我在alpha属性上遇到错误，该属性在结构上类似于traffic_parameters并没有错误。
jsonschema.exceptions.ValidationError: 'AA' is valid under each of {'properties': {'BB': ...
这是输出
E
======================================================================
ERROR: test_valid__JSON_against_schema (__main__.SchemaTests)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 35, in test_valid__JSON_against_schema
validate(test_json, test_schema)
File "/local/tools/PACKAGES/pyhton3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/jsonschema/validators.py", line 541, in validate
cls(schema, *args, **kwargs).validate(instance)
File "/local/tools/PACKAGES/pyhton3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/jsonschema/validators.py", line 130, in validate
raise error
jsonschema.exceptions.ValidationError: 'AA' is valid under each of {'properties': {'BB': {'a': [100], 'b': [0], 'c': [0], 'additionalProperties': False}}, 'additionalProperties': False}, {'properties': {'CC': {'a': [50], 'b': [50], 'additionalProperties': False}}, 'additionalProperties': False}, {'properties': {'DD': {'a': [0], 'b': [0], 'c': [100], 'additionalProperties': False}}, 'additionalProperties': False}, {'properties': {'AA': {'a': [90, 95], 'b': [4, 8], 'additionalProperties': False}}, 'additionalProperties': False}
Failed validating 'oneOf' in schema['properties']['alpha']['properties']['beta']:
{'oneOf': [{'additionalProperties': False,
'properties': {'AA': {'a': [90, 95],
'additionalProperties': False,
'b': [4, 8]}}},
{'additionalProperties': False,
'properties': {'BB': {'a': [100],
'additionalProperties': False,
'b': [0],
'c': [0]}}},
{'additionalProperties': False,
'properties': {'CC': {'a': [50],
'additionalProperties': False,
'b': [50]}}},
{'additionalProperties': False,
'properties': {'DD': {'a': [0],
'additionalProperties': False,
'b': [0],
'c': [100]}}}]}
On instance['alpha']['beta']:
'AA'
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.007s
FAILED (errors=1)
有谁知道这是为什么以及如何解决它？
感谢。
答案 0 :(得分：3)
我打算将模式缩短到足以重现验证失败：
{
"id": "testschema",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
"description": "test schema",
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"alpha": {
"properties": {
"beta": {
"oneOf": [
{
"properties": {
"AA": {
"a": [90, 95],
"b": [4, 8],
"additionalProperties": false
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
},
{
"properties": {
"BB": {
"a": [100],
"b": [0],
"c": [0],
"additionalProperties": false
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}
]
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}
},
"required": [ "alpha" ]
}
该错误表示无法验证oneOf约束，因为"AA"成功验证了oneOf中列出的每个架构，oneOf要求它必须匹配一个只有一个。
为什么"AA"会针对每个架构进行验证？根本原因是模式没有为"type"中列出的每个模式指定oneOf信息。正如here所解释的，如果没有为模式指定"type"，那么任何类型的任何有效JSON都可能与该模式匹配。要解决此问题，我们需要添加缺少的"type"约束。
从查看架构和JSON示例，我不确定您想要实现的目标。模式似乎是将"AA"，"BB"等描述为嵌套对象，但JSON示例似乎表明"beta"只需要映射到像{{1}这样的字符串值}}
如果JSON示例是正确的信息源，您可以使用这样的架构解决问题。
"AA" OTOH，如果您的目标是将schema = json.loads('''
{
"id": "testschema",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
"description": "test schema",
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"alpha": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"beta": {
"type": "string",
"enum": [ "AA", "BB", "CC", "DD" ]
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}
},
"required": [ "alpha" ]
}
''')
# valid
validate(json.loads('''
{
"alpha": {
"beta": "AA"
}
}
'''), schema)
# valid
validate(json.loads('''
{
"alpha": {
"beta": "BB"
}
}
'''), schema)
# invalid
validate(json.loads('''
{
"alpha": {
"beta": "ZZ"
}
}
'''), schema)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 7, in <module>
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/jsonschema/validators.py", line 541, in validate
cls(schema, *args, **kwargs).validate(instance)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/jsonschema/validators.py", line 130, in validate
raise error
jsonschema.exceptions.ValidationError: u'ZZ' is not one of [u'AA', u'BB', u'CC', u'DD']
Failed validating u'enum' in schema[u'properties'][u'alpha'][u'properties'][u'beta']:
{u'enum': [u'AA', u'BB', u'CC', u'DD'], u'type': u'string'}
On instance[u'alpha'][u'beta']:
u'ZZ'
，"AA"等作为子对象，那么您可以通过将架构更改为此类来修复它。
"BB"无论哪种方式，重要的是确保在必要时指定schema = json.loads('''
{
"id": "testschema",
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
"description": "test schema",
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"alpha": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"beta": {
"oneOf": [
{
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"AA": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"a": {
"type": "array"
}
}
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
},
{
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"BB": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"b": {
"type": "array"
}
}
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}
]
}
},
"additionalProperties": false
}
},
"required": [ "alpha" ]
}
''')
# valid
validate(json.loads('''
{
"alpha": {
"beta": {
"AA": {
"a": [ 1 ]
}
}
}
}
'''), schema)
# valid
validate(json.loads('''
{
"alpha": {
"beta": {
"BB": {
"b": [ 1 ]
}
}
}
}
'''), schema)
# invalid
validate(json.loads('''
{
"alpha": {
"beta": {
"ZZ": {
"z": [ 1 ]
}
}
}
}
'''), schema)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 11, in <module>
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/jsonschema/validators.py", line 541, in validate
cls(schema, *args, **kwargs).validate(instance)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/jsonschema/validators.py", line 130, in validate
raise error
jsonschema.exceptions.ValidationError: {u'ZZ': {u'z': [1]}} is not valid under any of the given schemas
Failed validating u'oneOf' in schema[u'properties'][u'alpha'][u'properties'][u'beta']:
{u'oneOf': [{u'additionalProperties': False,
u'properties': {u'AA': {u'properties': {u'a': {u'type': u'array'}},
u'type': u'object'}},
u'type': u'object'},
{u'additionalProperties': False,
u'properties': {u'BB': {u'properties': {u'b': {u'type': u'array'}},
u'type': u'object'}},
u'type': u'object'}]}
On instance[u'alpha'][u'beta']:
{u'ZZ': {u'z': [1]}}
# invalid
validate(json.loads('''
{
"alpha": {
"beta": {
"AA": {
"a": [ 1 ]
},
"BB": {
"b": [ 1 ]
}
}
}
}
'''), schema)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 14, in <module>
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/jsonschema/validators.py", line 541, in validate
cls(schema, *args, **kwargs).validate(instance)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/jsonschema/validators.py", line 130, in validate
raise error
jsonschema.exceptions.ValidationError: {u'AA': {u'a': [1]}, u'BB': {u'b': [1]}} is not valid under any of the given schemas
Failed validating u'oneOf' in schema[u'properties'][u'alpha'][u'properties'][u'beta']:
{u'oneOf': [{u'additionalProperties': False,
u'properties': {u'AA': {u'properties': {u'a': {u'type': u'array'}},
u'type': u'object'}},
u'type': u'object'},
{u'additionalProperties': False,
u'properties': {u'BB': {u'properties': {u'b': {u'type': u'array'}},
u'type': u'object'}},
u'type': u'object'}]}
On instance[u'alpha'][u'beta']:
{u'AA': {u'a': [1]}, u'BB': {u'b': [1]}}
信息。