我遇到split()功能问题。我有一个名为printReport()的模块，其中包含一个名称，每行有3个测试分数。我需要拆分数据，以便显示名称和分数并计算平均值。我很肯定我试图完全错误。我得到了IndexError: list index out of range.这只是我问题的开始。我仍然不知道如何进行计算并显示如下。
学生姓名得1分2得分3总
Dave 82 91 77 250
Tom 79 22 84 185
迪克67 22 91 180
2016年2月8日星期一15:12:08
有人可以解释一下我做错了什么以及如何解决它。
### Subprogram detStudentData(fn, scores)
def getStudentData(fn, scores):
# Writes instructions for the user to follow
print("Enter the student names and scores following the prompts below.")
print("To finish entering student names, enter: ZZZ.\n")
# Set the flag for the loop
done = False
# Loop to get input from the usere
while done != True:
# Creates a newFile and enables append
newFile = open(fn, "a")
# Asks for a student name and assigns it to student_name
student_name = input("Please enter the student name (ZZZ to finish): ")
# Compairs student_name to see if it is equal to "ZZZ"
if student_name == "ZZZ":
# Sets the flag to True to exit the loop
done = True
# Asks for test scores if student_name is not equal "ZZZ"
else:
# Asks for test score 1 and assigns it to test_1
test_1 = input("Enter score 1: ")
# Asks for test score 2 and assigns it to test_2
test_2 = input("Enter score 2: ")
# Asks for test score 3 and assigns it to test_3
test_3 = input("Enter score 3: ")
print("\n")
newFile.write(student_name) # Writes student_name to newFile
newFile.write(", ") # Writes "," to newFile
newFile.write(test_1) # Writes test_1 to newFile
newFile.write(", ") # Writes "," to newFile
newFile.write(test_2) # Writes test_2e to newFile
newFile.write(", ") # Writes "," to newFile
newFile.write(test_3) # Writes test_3 to newFile
newFile.write("\n") # Wites a return to newFile
# Closes newFile
newFile.close()
# ==============================================================================
### Subprogram getTextFileContents(fn)
def getTextFileContents(fn):
# Opens the file and enables read
with open(fn, "r") as ins:
# Splits the text file before the ","
list = fn.split(",")
# Creates a loop to load the characters into a list
for line in ins:
# Appends the text to list
list.append(line)
# Returns the value in list
return list
# ==============================================================================
### Subprogram printReport(line)
def printReport(line):
# Prints the heading to show the test scores
print("__________________________________________________________")
print("Student Name Score 1 Score 2 Score 3 Total")
print("----------------------------------------------------------")
name = [] # Declare name a list
test1 = [] # Declare test1 a list
test2 = [] # Declare test2 a list
test3 = [] # Declare test a list
with open("grades.txt", "r") as f:
for line in f:
name.append(line.split(",", 1)[0])
line = name[0]
capacity = len(name)
index = 0
while index != capacity:
line = name[index]
for nameOut in line.split():
print(nameOut)
index = index + 1
# ================================================
with open("grades.txt", "r") as f:
for line in f:
test1.append(line.split(",", -1)[1])
line = test1[1]
capacity = len(test1)
index1 = 0
while index1 != capacity:
line = test1[index1]
for t1Out in line.split():
print(t1Out)
index1 = index1 + 1
# ================================================
with open("grades.txt", "r") as f:
for line in f:
test2.append(line.split(",", -1)[2])
line = test2[2]
capacity = len(test2)
index2 = 0
while index2 != capacity:
line = test2[index2]
for t2Out in line.split():
print(t2Out)
index2 = index2 + 1
# ================================================
with open("grades.txt", "r") as f:
for line in f:
test3.append(line.split(" ", -1)[3])
line = test3[3]
capacity = len(test3)
index3 = 0
while index != capacity:
line = test3[index3]
for t3Out in line.split():
print(t3Out)
index3 = index3 + 1
# ==============================================================================
def main():
fn = "grades.txt" # set the working file name
scores = 3 # set the number of scores
getStudentData(fn, scores) # Calls getStudentData()
line = getTextFileContents(fn) # Assigns getTextFileContent() to line
printReport(line) # Calls printReport()
main()
答案 0 :(得分：1)
检查线
line = test1[1]
line = test2[2]
line = test3[3]
您应该从0开始，而不是1，2，3
答案 1 :(得分：0)
违规部分是：
while index != capacity:
line = test3[index3]
for t3Out in line.split():
print(t3Out)
index3 = index3 + 1
第一行应该是：
while index3 != capacity:
请注意，手动递增索引可能不是在Python中循环遍历列表的最佳方法。更加pythonic的方式可能是：
for item in test3:
for t3out in item.split():
print(t3out)
此外，如果您要坚持手动递增，则需要从for循环中删除index = index + 1。您应该只在处理每一行后递增。
while index != capacity:
line = test3[index3]
for t3Out in line.split():
print(t3Out)
index3 = index3 + 1