Question

我的备份脚本有点问题。它使用for循环使用tar归档给定目录中的任何内容。它完美地列出了目录，并为每个目录创建了我想要的单独存档，但变量没有列出要备份的目录的路径。谁能让我知道如何确保变量填充正确的信息？

这是脚本：

#!/bin/bash
set -xv
dirs=$(ls /home/phoenix/testarchive)
dest="/home/phoenix/backup/"
archive=".tar.bz2"

clear
echo "Archiving data..."

for dirs in $dirs
do
  echo "Archiving $dirs..."
  tar cjf "${dest}${dirs}_$(date +%F)${archive}" $dirs
  echo "Archive complete!!"
done

echo "All archives created!!"
echo "Test created archive to ensure validity."

ls -lh $dest

这是我的错误输出：

echo "Archiving data..."
+ echo 'Archiving data...'
Archiving data...

for dirs in $dirs
do
  echo "Archiving $dirs..."
  tar cjf "${dest}${dirs}_$(date +%F)${archive}" $dirs
  echo "Archive complete!!"
done
+ for dirs in $dirs
+ echo 'Archiving folder1...'
Archiving folder1...
++ date +%F
+ tar cjf /home/phoenix/backup/folder1_2017-07-18.tar.bz2 folder1
tar: folder1: Cannot stat: No such file or directory
tar: Exiting with failure status due to previous errors
+ echo 'Archive complete!!'
Archive complete!!
+ for dirs in $dirs
+ echo 'Archiving folder2...'
Archiving folder2...
++ date +%F
+ tar cjf /home/phoenix/backup/folder2_2017-07-18.tar.bz2 folder2
tar: folder2: Cannot stat: No such file or directory
tar: Exiting with failure status due to previous errors
+ echo 'Archive complete!!'
Archive complete!!

echo "All archives created!!"
+ echo 'All archives created!!'
All archives created!!
echo "Test created archive to ensure validity."
+ echo 'Test created archive to ensure validity.'
Test created archive to ensure validity.

ls -lh $dest
+ ls -lh /home/phoenix/backup/
total 8.0K
-rw-r--r-- 1 phoenix phoenix 46 Jul 18 13:48 folder1_2017-07-18.tar.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 phoenix phoenix 46 Jul 18 13:48 folder2_2017-07-18.tar.bz2

像我提到的那样，脚本正在命名我想要的方式，但实际的数据存档并没有被创建。我确信ls是问题，但我不知道有任何其他方法可以得到理想的结果......

Answer 1

仔细阅读错误消息并理解它们总是好的：

+ tar cjf /home/phoenix/backup/folder1_2017-07-18.tar.bz2 folder1
tar: folder1: Cannot stat: No such file or directory
tar: Exiting with failure status due to previous errors

这意味着无法找到folder1。为什么？ folder1在哪里？它位于/home/phoenix/testarchive目录中。执行脚本时是/home/phoenix/testarchive中的当前工作目录？可能不是。

我建议写这样的脚本：

#!/bin/bash

set -xv
dirs_basedir=/home/phoenix/testarchive
dest="/home/phoenix/backup"
archive=".tar.bz2"

clear
echo "Archiving data..."

for path in "$dirs_basedir"/*
do
  basedir=${path%/*}
  dir=${path##*/}
  echo "Archiving $dir in $basedir..."
  tar cjf "${dest}/${dirs}_$(date +%F)${archive}" -C "$basedir" "$dir"
  echo "Archive complete!!"
done

echo "All archives created!!"
echo "Test created archive to ensure validity."

ls -lh $dest

虽然这可能看起来比原来稍微复杂一点，它更安全。

Answer 2

简短的回答是tar使用相对路径。我从这个错误信息中得出了这个结论：

tar: folder1: Cannot stat: No such file or directory

无论如何，我建议你cd到父目录。你可以在运行脚本之前通过cd'ing测试我的理论。

cd /home/phoenix/testarchive

您必须小心备份文件的位置，因为它们也将放在当前目录中，除非您在tar语句中放置路径。

备份脚本创建存档

2 个答案: