我在使用序列化程序在django rest框架上制作api时感到困惑,请告诉我save(),create()和update()方法之间的确切区别,我的代码示例如下,
View.py
类AddUser(views.APIView):
PHP 7.2.0-dev (cli) (built: Mar 31 2017 10:47:40) ( NTS DEBUG )
Copyright (c) 1997-2017 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.2.0-dev, Copyright (c) 1998-2017 Zend Technologies
serializers.py
类UserForAdminSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
serializer_class = UserForAdminSerializer
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
serializer = UserForAdminSerializer(data=request.data)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
在view.py文件中的上述代码中使用save()方法和serializers.py使用save()或update()方法,所以请解释一下它是如何工作的,并清除我在save()和create()之间的混淆
答案 0 :(得分:5)
通常,了解代码的最佳方法是实际阅读,所以让我们来看看source:
tournamnetpresenter = new TournamentPresenter(this, this, getContext());
好的,所以,在这个基类中,方法class BaseSerializer(Field):
...
def update(self, instance, validated_data):
raise NotImplementedError('`update()` must be implemented.')
def create(self, validated_data):
raise NotImplementedError('`create()` must be implemented.')
def save(self, **kwargs):
...
... a lot of assertions and safety checks ...
...
validated_data = dict(
list(self.validated_data.items()) +
list(kwargs.items())
)
if self.instance is not None:
self.instance = self.update(self.instance, validated_data)
....
else:
self.instance = self.create(validated_data)
...
return self.instance
和update
留给了要实现的具体子类(因为序列化程序的细节会有所不同,例如create
或{{1} })。
但是,ListSerializer
已实现,它基本上只检查对象是新对象还是现有对象(ModelSerializer
)并调用save
或if self.instance is not None
分别。 此代码将在其他所有序列化程序中调用。
让我们来看看具体的子类:
update
您可以看到create
和def create(self, validated_data):
...
... some stuff happening
...
try:
# Here is the important part! Creating new object!
instance = ModelClass.objects.create(**validated_data)
except TypeError:
raise TypeError(msg)
# Save many-to-many relationships after the instance is created.
if many_to_many:
for field_name, value in many_to_many.items():
set_many(instance, field_name, value)
return instance
def update(self, instance, validated_data):
raise_errors_on_nested_writes('update', self, validated_data)
info = model_meta.get_field_info(instance)
# Simply set each attribute on the instance, and then save it.
# Note that unlike `.create()` we don't need to treat many-to-many
# relationships as being a special case. During updates we already
# have an instance pk for the relationships to be associated with.
for attr, value in validated_data.items():
if attr in info.relations and info.relations[attr].to_many:
set_many(instance, attr, value)
else:
setattr(instance, attr, value)
instance.save()
return instance
调用create
来设置对象属性的值。但是,update
之前会执行一次关键调用:set_many(instance, attr, value)
。这实际上创建了新实例。
我希望这有点清除它。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
在Django Rest Framework documentation中,他们非常清楚地解释了何时覆盖save方法以及何时创建方法。
为了您的方便,我在这里发布他们的解释
在某些情况下,.create()和.update()方法名称可能没有意义。例如,在联系表单中,我们可能不会创建新实例,而是发送电子邮件或其他消息。
在这些情况下,您可能会选择直接覆盖.save(),因为它更具可读性和意义。
实施例: -
class ContactForm(serializers.Serializer):
email = serializers.EmailField()
message = serializers.CharField()
def save(self):
email = self.validated_data['email']
message = self.validated_data['message']
send_email(from=email, message=message)