在swift中扩展Collection类型以使特定元素类型具有自定义函数非常简单:
struct MyStruct {
let string: String
}
extension Set where Element == MyStruct {
func getFirstWith(string: String) -> Element? {
return filter({ $0.string == string }).first
}
}
但是假设您的Element类型是通用的?
protocol MyProtocol {}
struct MyGenericStruct<T: MyProtocol> {
let string: String
}
// error on next line:
// error: expected '>' to complete generic argument list
// extension Set where Element == MyGenericStruct<T: MyProtocol> {
// ^
extension Set where Element == MyGenericStruct<T: MyProtocol> {
func getFirstWith(string: String) -> Element? {
return filter({ $0.string == string }).first
}
}
// error on next line:
// error: use of undeclared type 'T'
// extension Set where Element == MyGenericStruct<T> {
// ^
extension Set where Element == MyGenericStruct<T> {
func getFirstWith(string: String) -> Element? {
return filter({ $0.string == string }).first
}
}
我不清楚如何声明我的元素是通用的。
答案 0 :(得分:1)
如果我了解目的,您可能需要在protocol
和structure
中实施更多实施。
首先,元素的协议必须是可混合且公平的。
protocol MyProtocol: Hashable, Equatable {
var string: String { get }
}
因此,MyGenericStruct
将如下所示。
struct MyGenericStruct: MyProtocol {
let string: String
var hashValue: Int {
get {
return string.hashValue
}
}
static func ==(lhs: MyGenericStruct, rhs: MyGenericStruct) -> Bool {
return lhs.hashValue == rhs.hashValue
}
}
然后,使用MyProtocol
extension Set where Element: MyProtocol {
func getFirstWith(string: String) -> Element? {
return filter({$0.string == string}).first
}
}
最后,让我们做一个测试并查看其结果。
// Example
let set: Set = [
MyGenericStruct(string: "Watermelon"),
MyGenericStruct(string: "Orange"),
MyGenericStruct(string: "Banana")
]
let output = set.getFirstWith(string: "Orange")
print(output)
在我的Xcode 8游乐场,我可以在日志中获得Optional(MyGenericStruct(string: "Orange"))
。
[UPDATED1]
仅在Extension
上Set<MyGenericStruct>
:
extension Set where Element == MyGenericStruct {
func getFirstWith(string: String) -> Element? {
return filter({$0.string == string}).first
}
}
[UPDATED2]
如果需要保留MyGenericStruct<T: MyProtocol>
声明,则实施Set
扩展的另一种方法是:
protocol MyProtocol {
}
struct BaseStruct1: MyProtocol {
}
struct BaseStruct2: MyProtocol {
}
protocol ContainStringProtocol: Hashable {
var string: String { get }
}
struct MyGenericStruct<T: MyProtocol>: ContainStringProtocol {
var string: String
var hashValue: Int {
get {
return string.hashValue
}
}
init(string: String) {
self.string = string
}
static func ==(lhs: MyGenericStruct, rhs: MyGenericStruct) -> Bool {
return lhs.hashValue == rhs.hashValue
}
}
extension Set where Element: ContainStringProtocol {
func getFirstWith(string: String) -> Element? {
return filter({$0.string == string}).first
}
}
// Example
let set1: Set = [
MyGenericStruct<BaseStruct1>(string: "Watermelon"),
MyGenericStruct<BaseStruct1>(string: "Orange"),
MyGenericStruct<BaseStruct1>(string: "Banana")
]
let output1 = set1.getFirstWith(string: "Orange")
print(output1!)
let set2: Set = [
MyGenericStruct<BaseStruct2>(string: "Watermelon"),
MyGenericStruct<BaseStruct2>(string: "Orange"),
MyGenericStruct<BaseStruct2>(string: "Banana")
]
let output2 = set2.getFirstWith(string: "Orange")
print(output2!)
答案 1 :(得分:1)
Swift 3.1,xCode 8.3.3
import Foundation
struct MyStruct:Hashable {
let string: String
static func == (lhs: MyStruct, rhs: MyStruct) -> Bool {
return lhs.string == rhs.string
}
var hashValue: Int {
return string.hash
}
}
extension Set where Element == MyStruct {
func getFirstWith(string: String) -> Element? {
return filter({ $0.string == string }).first
}
}
var set = Set<MyStruct>()
set.insert(MyStruct(string: "123"))
set.insert(MyStruct(string: "231"))
print(String(describing:set.getFirstWith(string: "123")))
print(String(describing:set.getFirstWith(string: "231")))
///////////////////////////////////
protocol MyProtocol {}
struct MyType1: MyProtocol {}
struct MyType2: MyProtocol {}
struct MyGenericStruct<T: MyProtocol>: Hashable {
let string: String
static func == (lhs: MyGenericStruct, rhs: MyGenericStruct) -> Bool {
return lhs.string == rhs.string
}
var hashValue: Int {
return string.hash
}
}
extension Set where Element == AnyHashable {
func getFirstWith(string: String) -> Element? {
return filter{ element -> Bool in
if let _element = element as? MyGenericStruct<MyType1> {
if _element.string == string {
return true
}
}
if let _element = element as? MyGenericStruct<MyType2> {
if _element.string == string {
return true
}
}
return false
}.first
}
}
var set2 = Set<AnyHashable>()
set2.insert(MyGenericStruct<MyType1>(string: "abc"))
set2.insert(MyGenericStruct<MyType2>(string: "cba"))
print(String(describing: set2.getFirstWith(string: "abc")))
print(String(describing:set2.getFirstWith(string: "cba")))
答案 2 :(得分:1)
根据要求在这里回答我自己的问题。
我无法弄清楚如何将其作为Set
上的扩展程序。
相反,我们写了一个小实用函数。不像扩展那样清晰,但完成工作。它看起来像这样:
func getFirst<T: MyProtocol>(fromSet set: Set<MyGenericStruct<T>>, whereStringIs string: String) -> MyGenericStruct<T>? {
return set.first(where: { $0.string == string })
}
正如其他人所说,MyGenericStruct
需要是Hashable。