Question

基本上我正在尝试从savReaderWriter模块运行一些Python代码，以便创建一个准备在IBM SPSS中打开的.sav文件。作为macOS用户，我需要先在终端中运行这两行，才能使模块正常工作：

echo 'export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/savReaderWriter/spssio/macos'  >> ~/.bash_profile
echo 'export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8'  >> ~/.bash_profile

下面你可以看到我试图在Python中运行的一段代码：

import savReaderWriter

savFileName = "someFile.sav"
records = [['Test1', 1, 1], ['Test2', 2, 1]]
varNames = ['var1', 'v2', 'v3']
varTypes = {'var1': 5, 'v2': 0, 'v3': 0}
with savReaderWriter.SavWriter(savFileName, varNames, varTypes, ioUtf8=True) as writer:
    for record in records:
        writer.writerow(record)

我的问题是，当通过terminal.app运行Python代码时，就像魅力和新的.sav文件一样，尝试在IDE中执行相同的代码（尝试过PyCharm和Spyder）会给我一个错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/IPython/core/interactiveshell.py", line 2847, in run_code
    exec(code_obj, self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns)
  File "<ipython-input-2-94007b092d47>", line 7, in <module>
    with savReaderWriter.SavWriter(savFileName, varNames, varTypes, ioUtf8=True) as writer:
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/savReaderWriter/savWriter.py", line 198, in __init__
    super(Header, self).__init__(savFileName, ioUtf8, ioLocale)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/savReaderWriter/generic.py", line 29, in __init__
    self.spssio = self.loadLibrary()
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/savReaderWriter/generic.py", line 117, in loadLibrary
    spssio = self._loadLibs("macos")
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/savReaderWriter/generic.py", line 89, in _loadLibs
    return [load(os.path.join(path, lib)) for lib in libs][-1]
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/savReaderWriter/generic.py", line 89, in <listcomp>
    return [load(os.path.join(path, lib)) for lib in libs][-1]
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/ctypes/__init__.py", line 348, in __init__
    self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode)
OSError: dlopen(/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/savReaderWriter/spssio/macos/libicuuc48.1.dylib, 6): Library not loaded: @executable_path/../lib/libicudata48.1.dylib
  Referenced from: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/savReaderWriter/spssio/macos/libicuuc48.1.dylib
  Reason: image not found

模块作者无法帮助我解决这个问题，因此我很乐意接受这个社区的任何建议。

编辑（添加了sys.path）：

从终端：

 ['',
 '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python36.zip',
 '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6',
 '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload',
 '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages',
 '/Users/mg/mne-python']

来自IDE：

['/Applications/PyCharm.app/Contents/helpers/pydev',
 '/Users/mg/Documents/Python/Projects/MD',
 '/Applications/PyCharm.app/Contents/helpers/pydev',
 '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python36.zip',
 '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6',
 '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload',
 '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages',
 '/Users/mg/mne-python',
 '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/IPython/extensions',
 '/Users/mg/Documents/Python/Projects/MD']

此致

MG

Answer 1

找到了解决方案！

基本上我需要创建出现在错误中的每个dylib的符号链接，例如：

sudo ln -s /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/savReaderWriter/spssio/macos/libicudata48.1.dylib /usr/local/lib/libicudata48.1.dylib
sudo ln -s /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/savReaderWriter/spssio/macos/libicui18n48.1.dylib /usr/local/lib/libicui18n48.1.dylib
sudo ln -s /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/savReaderWriter/spssio/macos/libspssdio.dylib /usr/local/lib/libspssdio.dylib
sudo ln -s /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/savReaderWriter/spssio/macos/libzlib123spss.dylib /usr/local/lib/libzlib123spss.dylib

理论上说：

sudo ln -s /path/to/original /path/to/symbolic/link

此致

MG

Answer 2

我将为这个问题添加一个答案，以使其更具通用性。本来希望发表评论，但没有代表！尽管Maciej完全正确，并且他的回答帮助我找到了问题，但savReaderWriter已更新。从3.4.2版开始，现在有6个.dlyb文件要复制。

一旦您拥有文件夹的路径（路径是错误消息的位置），请确保在创建符号链接之前列出（在终端窗口中的ls）该文件夹内的所有文件。然后为每个.dylib

创建符号链接

再次感谢Maciej！

Answer 3

我不是Mac用户，但你真的使用Python 3.6吗？ savReaderWriter是否支持该版本？我怀疑它使用的I / O模块是为该版本构建的。

如果这通过终端而不是IDE工作，请检查Python搜索路径是否相同。

Answer 4

对于其他懒惰的人：

ls /Users/your_user/anaconda/envs/quattro8/lib/python2.7/site-packages/savReaderWriter/spssio/macos/ | xargs -I {} sudo ln -s /Users/your_user/anaconda/envs/quattro8/lib/python2.7/site-packages/savReaderWriter/spssio/macos/{} /usr/local/lib/{}

这会链接该仓库中的所有软件包

Answer 5

您还可以在PyCharm中指定库的路径，从而无需创建符号链接：

从菜单栏中单击“运行”->“编辑配置”。在左窗格中，选择python脚本的配置（通常PyCharm为每个.py文件创建一个配置）。将库的路径（如错误消息中所示）插入“环境变量”中。

示例： DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/Users/username/miniconda3/envs/savreader/lib/python3.6/site-packages/savReaderWriter/spssio/macos;

Screenshot of PyCharm Run Configuration

Answer 6

升级到Mac OS Catalina后，将所有六个dylib文件复制到/usr/local/lib/不再起作用（至少对我而言）。为了找出正确的目的地，我做了以下事情：

打开错误堆栈树中引用的ctypes/__init__.py
添加print(os.getcwd())以获取工作目录。对我来说，工作目录为/Users/Username/GitHub/myproject
由于dylib文件中的路径是相对于此路径（@executable_path/../lib/）的，因此dylib文件的正确目的地是/Users/Username/lib

库（dylib）未加载 - 未找到图像 - Python IDE

6 个答案: