Question

我正在尝试创建桌面通知程序，为此我正在从网站上抓取新闻。当我运行程序时，我收到以下错误。

news[child.tag] = child.encode('utf8')
AttributeError: 'xml.etree.ElementTree.Element' object has no attribute 'encode'

我该如何解决？我对此完全陌生。我试着寻找解决方案，但没有一个能为我工作。

这是我的代码：

import requests
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET


# url of news rss feed
RSS_FEED_URL = "http://www.hindustantimes.com/rss/topnews/rssfeed.xml"


def loadRSS():
    '''
    utility function to load RSS feed
    '''
    # create HTTP request response object
    resp = requests.get(RSS_FEED_URL)
    # return response content
    return resp.content


def parseXML(rss):
    '''
    utility function to parse XML format rss feed
    '''
    # create element tree root object
    root = ET.fromstring(rss)
    # create empty list for news items
    newsitems = []
    # iterate news items
    for item in root.findall('./channel/item'):
        news = {}
        # iterate child elements of item
        for child in item:
            # special checking for namespace object content:media
            if child.tag == '{http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/}content':
                news['media'] = child.attrib['url']
            else:
                news[child.tag] = child.encode('utf8')
        newsitems.append(news)
    # return news items list
    return newsitems


def topStories():
    '''
    main function to generate and return news items
    '''
    # load rss feed
    rss = loadRSS()
    # parse XML
    newsitems = parseXML(rss)
    return newsitems

Answer 1

您正在尝试将str转换为bytes，然后将这些字节存储在字典中。问题是你正在做的对象是一个 xml.etree.ElementTree.Element，不是str。

您可能打算从该元素内部或周围获取文本，然后encode() 。文档建议使用 itertext() 方法：

''.join(child.itertext())

这将评估为str，然后您可以encode()。

注意 text and tail attributes 可能不包含文字（重点补充）：

它们的值通常是字符串，但可能是任何特定于应用程序的对象。

如果要使用这些属性，则必须处理None或非字符串值：

head = '' if child.text is None else str(child.text)
tail = '' if child.text is None else str(child.text)
# Do something with head and tail...

即使这还不够。如果text或tail包含某些意外的bytes个对象（或者说错了）编码，这将引发UnicodeEncodeError。

字符串与字节

我建议将文字保留为str，而不是对其进行编码。将文本编码到bytes对象是将其写入二进制文件，网络套接字或其他硬件之前的最后一步。

有关字节和字符之间差异的更多信息，请参阅Ned Batchelder “Pragmatic Unicode, or, How Do I Stop the Pain?” （36分钟video from PyCon US 2012）。他涵盖了Python 2和3。

示例输出

使用child.itertext()方法和不对字符串进行编码，我从topStories()获得了一个看起来很合理的词典列表：

[
  ...,
  {'description': 'Ayushmann Khurrana says his five-year Bollywood journey has '
                  'been “a fun ride”; adds success is a lousy teacher while '
                  'failure is “your friend, philosopher and guide”.',
    'guid': 'http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/i-am-a-hardcore-realist-and-that-s-why-i-feel-my-journey-has-been-a-joyride-ayushmann-khurrana/story-KQDR7gMuvhD9AeQTA7tbmI.html',
    'link': 'http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/i-am-a-hardcore-realist-and-that-s-why-i-feel-my-journey-has-been-a-joyride-ayushmann-khurrana/story-KQDR7gMuvhD9AeQTA7tbmI.html',
    'media': 'http://www.hindustantimes.com/rf/image_size_630x354/HT/p2/2017/06/26/Pictures/actor-ayushman-khurana_24f064ae-5a5d-11e7-9d38-39c470df081e.JPG',
    'pubDate': 'Mon, 26 Jun 2017 10:50:26 GMT ',
    'title': "I am a hardcore realist, and that's why I&thinsp;feel my journey "
             'has been a joyride: Ayushmann...'},
]

AttributeError：'xml.etree.ElementTree.Element'对象没有属性'encode'

1 个答案:

字符串与字节

示例输出