我有一个模型Event
class Event < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :approved_by, class_name: 'User', foreign_key: 'approved_by'
end
模型用户不关心反向关系
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
include Authenticatable
end
使用像这样的事件工厂：
FactoryGirl.define do
factory :event do
title "MyString"
description "...snip..."
start_time "2017-06-26 15:31:55"
end_time "2017-06-26 15:31:55"
venue "MyPlace"
status :active
approved_by { build :user }
trait :pending do
status :pending
approved_by nil
end
trait :active do
#no-op
end
end
end
当我试图断言他们的工厂按预期工作时，就像这样......
RSpec.describe Event, type: :model do
describe 'sanity checks' do
it { expect(build :event).to be_valid }
it { expect(create :event).to be_persisted }
end
end
我收到以下错误：
``` 画了$ rspec -b spec / models / event_spec.rb FF
故障：
1）事件健全性检查 失败/错误：它{expect（build：event）.to be_valid}
ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError:
can't write unknown attribute `approved_by`
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/attribute.rb:138:in `with_value_from_database'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/attribute_set.rb:39:in `write_from_user'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/write.rb:74:in `write_attribute_with_type_cast'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/write.rb:56:in `write_attribute'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/dirty.rb:96:in `write_attribute'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/attribute_methods.rb:373:in `[]='
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/associations/belongs_to_association.rb:83:in `replace_keys'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/associations/belongs_to_association.rb:14:in `replace'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/associations/singular_association.rb:17:in `writer'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/associations/builder/association.rb:123:in `approved_by='
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/factory_girl-4.8.0/lib/factory_girl/attribute_assigner.rb:16:in `public_send'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/factory_girl-4.8.0/lib/factory_girl/attribute_assigner.rb:16:in `block (2 levels) in object'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/factory_girl-4.8.0/lib/factory_girl/attribute_assigner.rb:15:in `each'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/factory_girl-4.8.0/lib/factory_girl/attribute_assigner.rb:15:in `block in object'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/factory_girl-4.8.0/lib/factory_girl/attribute_assigner.rb:14:in `tap'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/factory_girl-4.8.0/lib/factory_girl/attribute_assigner.rb:14:in `object'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/factory_girl-4.8.0/lib/factory_girl/evaluation.rb:12:in `object'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/factory_girl-4.8.0/lib/factory_girl/strategy/build.rb:9:in `result'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/factory_girl-4.8.0/lib/factory_girl/factory.rb:42:in `run'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/factory_girl-4.8.0/lib/factory_girl/factory_runner.rb:29:in `block in run'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:166:in `instrument'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/factory_girl-4.8.0/lib/factory_girl/factory_runner.rb:28:in `run'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/factory_girl-4.8.0/lib/factory_girl/strategy_syntax_method_registrar.rb:20:in `block in define_singular_strategy_method'
# ./spec/models/event_spec.rb:5:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:254:in `instance_exec'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:254:in `block in run'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:496:in `block in with_around_and_singleton_context_hooks'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:453:in `block in with_around_example_hooks'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/hooks.rb:464:in `block in run'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/hooks.rb:604:in `block in run_around_example_hooks_for'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:338:in `call'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:338:in `call'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-rails-3.5.2/lib/rspec/rails/adapters.rb:127:in `block (2 levels) in <module:MinitestLifecycleAdapter>'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:443:in `instance_exec'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:443:in `instance_exec'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/hooks.rb:375:in `execute_with'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/hooks.rb:606:in `block (2 levels) in run_around_example_hooks_for'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:338:in `call'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:338:in `call'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/hooks.rb:607:in `run_around_example_hooks_for'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/hooks.rb:464:in `run'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:453:in `with_around_example_hooks'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:496:in `with_around_and_singleton_context_hooks'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:251:in `run'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:627:in `block in run_examples'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:623:in `map'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:623:in `run_examples'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:589:in `run'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:590:in `block in run'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:590:in `map'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:590:in `run'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:113:in `block (3 levels) in run_specs'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:113:in `map'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:113:in `block (2 levels) in run_specs'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1835:in `with_suite_hooks'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:112:in `block in run_specs'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/reporter.rb:77:in `report'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:111:in `run_specs'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:87:in `run'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:71:in `run'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:45:in `invoke'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/exe/rspec:4:in `<top (required)>'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/bin/rspec:23:in `load'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/bin/rspec:23:in `<main>'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `<main>'
2）事件健全性检查 失败/错误：它{expect（create：event）.to be_persisted}
ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError:
can't write unknown attribute `approved_by`
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/attribute.rb:138:in `with_value_from_database'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/attribute_set.rb:39:in `write_from_user'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/write.rb:74:in `write_attribute_with_type_cast'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/write.rb:56:in `write_attribute'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/dirty.rb:96:in `write_attribute'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/attribute_methods.rb:373:in `[]='
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/associations/belongs_to_association.rb:83:in `replace_keys'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/associations/belongs_to_association.rb:14:in `replace'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/associations/singular_association.rb:17:in `writer'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/activerecord-4.2.5/lib/active_record/associations/builder/association.rb:123:in `approved_by='
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/factory_girl-4.8.0/lib/factory_girl/attribute_assigner.rb:16:in `public_send'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/factory_girl-4.8.0/lib/factory_girl/attribute_assigner.rb:16:in `block (2 levels) in object'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/factory_girl-4.8.0/lib/factory_girl/attribute_assigner.rb:15:in `each'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/factory_girl-4.8.0/lib/factory_girl/attribute_assigner.rb:15:in `block in object'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/factory_girl-4.8.0/lib/factory_girl/attribute_assigner.rb:14:in `tap'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/factory_girl-4.8.0/lib/factory_girl/attribute_assigner.rb:14:in `object'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/factory_girl-4.8.0/lib/factory_girl/evaluation.rb:12:in `object'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/factory_girl-4.8.0/lib/factory_girl/strategy/create.rb:9:in `result'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/factory_girl-4.8.0/lib/factory_girl/factory.rb:42:in `run'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/factory_girl-4.8.0/lib/factory_girl/factory_runner.rb:29:in `block in run'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:166:in `instrument'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/factory_girl-4.8.0/lib/factory_girl/factory_runner.rb:28:in `run'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/factory_girl-4.8.0/lib/factory_girl/strategy_syntax_method_registrar.rb:20:in `block in define_singular_strategy_method'
# ./spec/models/event_spec.rb:6:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:254:in `instance_exec'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:254:in `block in run'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:496:in `block in with_around_and_singleton_context_hooks'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:453:in `block in with_around_example_hooks'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/hooks.rb:464:in `block in run'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/hooks.rb:604:in `block in run_around_example_hooks_for'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:338:in `call'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:338:in `call'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-rails-3.5.2/lib/rspec/rails/adapters.rb:127:in `block (2 levels) in <module:MinitestLifecycleAdapter>'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:443:in `instance_exec'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:443:in `instance_exec'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/hooks.rb:375:in `execute_with'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/hooks.rb:606:in `block (2 levels) in run_around_example_hooks_for'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:338:in `call'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:338:in `call'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/hooks.rb:607:in `run_around_example_hooks_for'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/hooks.rb:464:in `run'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:453:in `with_around_example_hooks'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:496:in `with_around_and_singleton_context_hooks'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example.rb:251:in `run'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:627:in `block in run_examples'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:623:in `map'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:623:in `run_examples'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:589:in `run'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:590:in `block in run'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:590:in `map'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:590:in `run'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:113:in `block (3 levels) in run_specs'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:113:in `map'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:113:in `block (2 levels) in run_specs'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1835:in `with_suite_hooks'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:112:in `block in run_specs'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/reporter.rb:77:in `report'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:111:in `run_specs'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:87:in `run'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:71:in `run'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:45:in `invoke'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/gems/rspec-core-3.5.4/exe/rspec:4:in `<top (required)>'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/bin/rspec:23:in `load'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/bin/rspec:23:in `<main>'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval'
# /Users/drew/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.6/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `<main>'
在0.75142秒内完成（文件加载时间为2.6秒） 2个例子，2个失败
失败的例子：
rspec ./spec/models/event_spec.rb:5＃事件健全性检查 rspec ./spec/models/event_spec.rb:6＃事件健全性检查 ```
然而，当我通过控制台尝试此操作时，它可以正常工作......
[4] pry(main)> e = FactoryGirl.build(:event)
=> #<Event:0x007fe5ef1643d8
id: nil,
title: "MyString",
description:
"..snip..",
start_time: Mon, 26 Jun 2017 15:31:55 UTC +00:00,
end_time: Mon, 26 Jun 2017 15:31:55 UTC +00:00,
venue: "MyPlace",
main_image_cloudinary_id: nil,
status: 1,
approved_by: nil,
created_at: nil,
updated_at: nil>
[5] pry(main)> e.approved_by
=> #<User:0x007fe5ef157340
id: nil,
name: "Luther Johnston",
email: "guadalupe@brakus.com",
password_hash: "...snip...",
authentication_token: "...snip...",
activation_token: nil,
activation_date: Tue, 27 Jun 2017 00:00:00 UTC +00:00,
reset_password_token: nil,
created_at: nil,
updated_at: nil>
答案 0 :(得分：0)
因为我在按下发布按钮后大约2秒后自己躲开了，我会继续回答它。
我的测试数据库和开发数据库不同步。
正在运行rake db:test:prepare解决了这个问题。