我正在编写一个用USB证书(智能卡)加密和签名的Java程序。我有一个共享库(Windows上的.dll,Linux上的.so),它为硬件实现了PKCS11。
我正在搜索现有解决方案并找到以下指南http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/security/p11guide.html该指南建议使用sun.security.pkcs11.SunPKCS11提供程序。
但是,我遇到了sun.security.pkcs11包的主要问题。我设法使签名工作,但我无法进行加密/解密。我在搜索,发现开发人员不应该使用' sun'包http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/faq-sun-packages-142232.html
现在,我想知道我应该使用什么而不是sun.security.pkcs11?
我有一个可用的C ++代码(使用NSS库来处理硬件)。我发现,NSS库正在使用C_WrapKey和C_UnwrapKey进行加密。
以下代码应该使用C_WrapKey和C_UnwrapKey进行加密,但我可以在.so库的日志中看到java代码调用C_DecryptInit,由于某种原因失败(C_DecryptInit()Init操作失败。)。
注意:两者(Cipher.PUBLIC_KEY / Cipher.PRIVATE_KEY和Cipher.WRAP_MODE / Cipher.UNWRAP_MODE适用于软证书)。该代码仅与Java 1.7(Windows机器上的32位Java)一起使用硬证书。
堆栈追踪:
Exception in thread "main" java.security.InvalidKeyException: init() failed
at sun.security.pkcs11.P11RSACipher.implInit(P11RSACipher.java:239)
at sun.security.pkcs11.P11RSACipher.engineUnwrap(P11RSACipher.java:479)
at javax.crypto.Cipher.unwrap(Cipher.java:2510)
at gem_test.Test.decryptDocument(Test.java:129)
at gem_test.Test.main(Test.java:81)
Caused by: sun.security.pkcs11.wrapper.PKCS11Exception: CKR_KEY_FUNCTION_NOT_PERMITTED
at sun.security.pkcs11.wrapper.PKCS11.C_DecryptInit(Native Method)
at sun.security.pkcs11.P11RSACipher.initialize(P11RSACipher.java:304)
at sun.security.pkcs11.P11RSACipher.implInit(P11RSACipher.java:237)
... 4 more
代码:
package gem_test;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.Security;
import java.security.Signature;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import sun.security.pkcs11.SunPKCS11;
public class Test {
private static final String ALGORITHM = "RSA";
static int hard_soft = 1; // 1 - smart card, 2 - soft certificate
static int sign_encrypt = 2; // 1- sign, 2 - encryption
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
PrivateKey privateKey;
PublicKey pubKey;
if (hard_soft == 1) {
String pkcsConf = (
"name = Personal\n" +
"library = /usr/local/lib/personal/libP11.so\n" +
// "library = c:\\perso\\bin\\personal.dll\n" +
"slot = 0\n"
);
char[] pin = "123456".toCharArray();
String useCertAlias = "Digital Signature";
// String useCertAlias = "Non Repudiation";
SunPKCS11 provider = new SunPKCS11(new ByteArrayInputStream(pkcsConf.getBytes()));
String providerName = provider.getName();
Security.addProvider(provider);
KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS11", providerName);
keyStore.load(null, pin);
privateKey = (PrivateKey) keyStore.getKey(useCertAlias, pin);
X509Certificate certificate = (X509Certificate) keyStore.getCertificate(useCertAlias);
pubKey = certificate.getPublicKey();
} else if (hard_soft == 2) {
/*
mkdir /tmp/softkey
cd /tmp/softkey
openssl genrsa 2048 > softkey.key
chmod 400 softkey.key
openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -sha1 -days 365 -key softkey.key -out softkey.crt
openssl pkcs12 -export -in softkey.crt -inkey softkey.key -out softkey.pfx
rm -f softkey.key softkey.crt
*/
String pfx = "/tmp/softkey/softkey.pfx";
String useCertAlias = "1";
KeyStore keyStore1 = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
keyStore1.load(new FileInputStream(pfx), new char[]{});
privateKey = (PrivateKey) keyStore1.getKey(useCertAlias, new char[]{});
X509Certificate certificate = (X509Certificate) keyStore1.getCertificate(useCertAlias);
pubKey = certificate.getPublicKey();
} else {
throw new IllegalStateException();
}
if (sign_encrypt == 1) {
byte[] sig = signDocument("msg content".getBytes(), privateKey);
boolean result = verifyDocument("msg content".getBytes(), sig, pubKey);
System.out.println("RESULT " + result);
} else if (sign_encrypt == 2) {
byte[] encrypted = encryptDocument("msg content".getBytes(), pubKey);
byte[] decryptedDocument = decryptDocument(encrypted, privateKey);
System.out.println("RESULT " + new String(decryptedDocument));
} else {
throw new IllegalStateException();
}
}
private static byte[] signDocument(byte[] aDocument, PrivateKey aPrivateKey) throws Exception {
Signature signatureAlgorithm = Signature.getInstance("SHA1withRSA");
signatureAlgorithm.initSign(aPrivateKey);
signatureAlgorithm.update(aDocument);
byte[] digitalSignature = signatureAlgorithm.sign();
return digitalSignature;
}
private static boolean verifyDocument(byte[] aDocument, byte[] sig, PublicKey pubKey) throws Exception {
Signature signatureAlgorithm = Signature.getInstance("SHA1withRSA");
signatureAlgorithm.initVerify(pubKey);
signatureAlgorithm.update(aDocument);
return signatureAlgorithm.verify(sig);
}
private static byte[] encryptDocument(byte[] aDocument, PublicKey pubKey) throws Exception {
int encrypt_wrap = 2;
if (encrypt_wrap == 1) {
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
cipher.init(Cipher.PUBLIC_KEY, pubKey);
return cipher.doFinal(aDocument);
} else if (encrypt_wrap == 2) {
SecretKey data = new SecretKeySpec(aDocument, 0, aDocument.length, "AES");
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
cipher.init(Cipher.WRAP_MODE, pubKey);
return cipher.wrap(data);
} else {
throw new IllegalStateException();
}
}
public static byte[] decryptDocument(byte[] encryptedDocument, PrivateKey aPrivateKey) throws Exception {
int encrypt_wrap = 2;
if (encrypt_wrap == 1) {
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
cipher.init(Cipher.PRIVATE_KEY, aPrivateKey);
return cipher.doFinal(encryptedDocument);
} else if (encrypt_wrap == 2) {
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
cipher.init(Cipher.UNWRAP_MODE, aPrivateKey);
SecretKey res = (SecretKey) cipher.unwrap(encryptedDocument, "AES", Cipher.SECRET_KEY);
return res.getEncoded();
} else {
throw new IllegalStateException();
}
}
}
答案 0 :(得分:0)
我认为解决方案只是使用ENCRYPT
代替WRAP
和DECRYPT
代替UNWRAP
。
要了解原因,请务必了解WRAP
和UNWRAP
的作用。基本上它们只执行ENCRYPT
和DECRYPT
,但它们只返回一个键。现在,如果你在软件中执行此操作,那么除了之外没有任何区别,因为您不需要使用SecretKeySpec
或SecretKeyFactory
来重新生成密钥解密的数据。
但是,如果您在硬件上执行此操作,则生成的密钥通常会保留在硬件设备(或令牌)上。如果您拥有HSM,这当然很好:它只能生成(特定于会话的)密钥并返回句柄。但在智能卡上,这通常是不可能的。即使它是:您也不想将所有消息发送到智能卡以使其加密。
此外,如果您使用Java,则无法直接控制包装或解包调用的PKCS#11输入参数。
请尝试ENCRYPT
和DECRYPT
,然后在软件中重新生成密钥。
或者,您可以使用Open Source IAIK包装程序库复制 PKCS#11 换行和解包调用;模仿C功能。但这与需要Cipher
类的调用不兼容。
请注意,Sun提供商中的RSA
很可能意味着RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding
。如果您需要不同的RSA算法,那么您应该尝试算法字符串;这也可能是您面临的问题:您使用了错误的算法。
答案 1 :(得分:0)
最后,我们使用此解决方案来解决使用智能卡从Java 8进行签名和加密/解密的问题。它适用于使用64位Java的Linux和Windows。
我们还没有设法修复Wrap / Unwrap部分。我相信可以用java.lang.instrument
修复错误,但我们决定更换所有智能卡,以便他们支持" Data Encipherement"。
修补JDK 8 SunPKCS11提供程序错误的代码:
String pkcsConf = (
"name = \"Personal\"\n" +
String.format("library = \"%s\"\n", hardCertLib) +
String.format("slot = %d\n", slotId)
);
SunPKCS11 provider = new SunPKCS11(new ByteArrayInputStream(pkcsConf.getBytes()));
tryFixingPKCS11ProviderBug(provider);
....
/**
* This a fix for PKCS11 bug in JDK8. This method prefetches the mech info from the driver.
* @param provider
*/
public static void tryFixingPKCS11ProviderBug(SunPKCS11 provider) {
try {
Field tokenField = SunPKCS11.class.getDeclaredField("token");
tokenField.setAccessible(true);
Object token = tokenField.get(provider);
Field mechInfoMapField = token.getClass().getDeclaredField("mechInfoMap");
mechInfoMapField.setAccessible(true);
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Map<Long, CK_MECHANISM_INFO> mechInfoMap = (Map<Long, CK_MECHANISM_INFO>) mechInfoMapField.get(token);
mechInfoMap.put(PKCS11Constants.CKM_SHA1_RSA_PKCS, new CK_MECHANISM_INFO(1024, 2048, 0));
} catch(Exception e) {
logger.info(String.format("Method tryFixingPKCS11ProviderBug failed with '%s'", e.getMessage()));
}
}