Swift的JSONDecoder在JSON字符串中有多种日期格式?

时间:2017-06-21 17:30:37

标签: swift json-deserialization codable

Swift的JSONDecoder提供了dateDecodingStrategy属性,允许我们根据DateFormatter对象定义如何解释传入的日期字符串。

但是,我目前正在使用一个返回日期字符串(yyyy-MM-dd)和日期时间字符串(yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss)的API,具体取决于属性。有没有办法让JSONDecoder处理这个,因为提供的DateFormatter对象一次只能处理一个dateFormat

一个简单的解决方案是重写随附的Decodable模型,只接受字符串作为其属性,并提供公共Date getter / setter变量,但这对我来说似乎是一个糟糕的解决方案。有什么想法吗?

8 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:27)

请尝试与此类似的解码器配置:

lazy var decoder: JSONDecoder = {
    let decoder = JSONDecoder()
    decoder.dateDecodingStrategy = .custom({ (decoder) -> Date in
        let container = try decoder.singleValueContainer()
        let dateStr = try container.decode(String.self)
        // possible date strings: "2016-05-01",  "2016-07-04T17:37:21.119229Z", "2018-05-20T15:00:00Z"
        let len = dateStr.count
        var date: Date? = nil
        if len == 10 {
            date = dateNoTimeFormatter.date(from: dateStr)
        } else if len == 20 {
            date = isoDateFormatter.date(from: dateStr)
        } else {
            date = self.serverFullDateFormatter.date(from: dateStr)
        }
        guard let date_ = date else {
            throw DecodingError.dataCorruptedError(in: container, debugDescription: "Cannot decode date string \(dateStr)")
        }
        print("DATE DECODER \(dateStr) to \(date_)")
        return date_
    })
    return decoder
}()

答案 1 :(得分:26)

有几种方法可以解决这个问题:

  • 您可以创建一个DateFormatter子类,它首先尝试日期时间字符串格式,然后如果失败,则尝试普通日期格式
  • 您可以提供.custom Date解码策略,其中您向Decoder询问singleValueContainer(),解码字符串,并在传递之前将其传递给您想要的任何格式器解析日期
  • 您可以围绕Date类型创建一个包装器,它提供自定义init(from:)encode(to:)来执行此操作(但这并不比{{1更好)战略)
  • 您可以按照建议使用纯字符串
  • 您可以在使用这些日期的所有类型上提供自定义.custom并尝试不同的内容

总而言之,前两种方法可能是最简单,最干净的方法 - 您可以在任何地方保留init(from:)的默认合成实现,而不会牺牲类型安全性。

答案 2 :(得分:14)

面对同样的问题,我写了以下扩展名:

extension JSONDecoder.DateDecodingStrategy {
    static func custom(_ formatterForKey: @escaping (CodingKey) throws -> DateFormatter?) -> JSONDecoder.DateDecodingStrategy {
        return .custom({ (decoder) -> Date in
            guard let codingKey = decoder.codingPath.last else {
                throw DecodingError.dataCorrupted(DecodingError.Context(codingPath: decoder.codingPath, debugDescription: "No Coding Path Found"))
            }

            guard let container = try? decoder.singleValueContainer(),
                let text = try? container.decode(String.self) else {
                    throw DecodingError.dataCorrupted(DecodingError.Context(codingPath: decoder.codingPath, debugDescription: "Could not decode date text"))
            }

            guard let dateFormatter = try formatterForKey(codingKey) else {
                throw DecodingError.dataCorruptedError(in: container, debugDescription: "No date formatter for date text")
            }

            if let date = dateFormatter.date(from: text) {
                return date
            } else {
                throw DecodingError.dataCorruptedError(in: container, debugDescription: "Cannot decode date string \(text)")
            }
        })
    }
}

此扩展允许您为JSONDecoder创建DateDecodingStrategy,以处理同一JSON字符串中的多种不同日期格式。扩展包含一个函数,该函数需要实现一个为您提供CodingKey的闭包,并且您可以为所提供的密钥提供正确的DateFormatter。

假设您有以下JSON:

{
    "publication_date": "2017-11-02",
    "opening_date": "2017-11-03",
    "date_updated": "2017-11-08 17:45:14"
}

以下结构:

struct ResponseDate: Codable {
    var publicationDate: Date
    var openingDate: Date?
    var dateUpdated: Date

    enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
        case publicationDate = "publication_date"
        case openingDate = "opening_date"
        case dateUpdated = "date_updated"
    }
}

然后要解码JSON,您将使用以下代码:

let dateFormatterWithTime: DateFormatter = {
    let formatter = DateFormatter()

    formatter.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"

    return formatter
}()

let dateFormatterWithoutTime: DateFormatter = {
    let formatter = DateFormatter()

    formatter.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd"

    return formatter
}()

let decoder = JSONDecoder()

decoder.dateDecodingStrategy = .custom({ (key) -> DateFormatter? in
    switch key {
    case ResponseDate.CodingKeys.publicationDate, ResponseDate.CodingKeys.openingDate:
        return dateFormatterWithoutTime
    default:
        return dateFormatterWithTime
    }
})

let results = try? decoder.decode(ResponseDate.self, from: data)

答案 3 :(得分:8)

试试这个。 (迅速4)

let formatter = DateFormatter()

var decoder: JSONDecoder {
    let decoder = JSONDecoder()
    decoder.dateDecodingStrategy = .custom { decoder in
        let container = try decoder.singleValueContainer()
        let dateString = try container.decode(String.self)

        formatter.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"
        if let date = formatter.date(from: dateString) {
            return date
        }
        formatter.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd"
        if let date = formatter.date(from: dateString) {
            return date
        }
        throw DecodingError.dataCorruptedError(in: container,
            debugDescription: "Cannot decode date string \(dateString)")
    }
    return decoder
}

答案 4 :(得分:2)

使用单个编码器无法做到这一点。这里您最好的选择是自定义encode(to encoder:)init(from decoder:)方法,并为这些值提供您自己的翻译,为另一个值留下内置日期策略。

为此目的,考虑将一个或多个格式化程序传递到userInfo对象可能是值得的。

答案 5 :(得分:0)

如果您在单个模型中有多个不同格式的日期,则每个日期都难以应用.dateDecodingStrategy

点击此处https://gist.github.com/romanroibu/089ec641757604bf78a390654c437cb0获取方便的解决方案

答案 6 :(得分:0)

这有点冗长,但方法更灵活:用另一个Date类包装日期,并为其实现自定义序列化方法。例如:

let dateFormatter = DateFormatter()
dateFormatter.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd"

class MyCustomDate: Codable {
    var date: Date

    required init?(_ date: Date?) {
        if let date = date {
            self.date = date
        } else {
            return nil
        }
    }

    public func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
        var container = encoder.singleValueContainer()
        let string = dateFormatter.string(from: date)
        try container.encode(string)
    }

    required public init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        let container = try decoder.singleValueContainer()
        let raw = try container.decode(String.self)
        if let date = dateFormatter.date(from: raw) {
            self.date = date
        } else {
            throw DecodingError.dataCorruptedError(in: container, debugDescription: "Cannot parse date")
        }
    }
}

因此,您现在独立于.dateDecodingStrategy.dateEncodingStrategy,并且您的MyCustomDate日期将以指定的格式进行解析。在课堂上使用它:

class User: Codable {
    var dob: MyCustomDate
}

实例化

user.dob = MyCustomDate(date)

答案 7 :(得分:0)

快速5

实际上基于@BrownsooHan版本,使用扩展名JSONDecoder

JSONDecoder + dateDecodingStrategyFormatters.swift

extension JSONDecoder {

    /// Assign multiple DateFormatter to dateDecodingStrategy
    ///
    /// Usage :
    ///
    ///      decoder.dateDecodingStrategyFormatters = [ DateFormatter.standard, DateFormatter.yearMonthDay ]
    ///
    /// The decoder will now be able to decode two DateFormat, the 'standard' one and the 'yearMonthDay'
    ///
    /// Throws a 'DecodingError.dataCorruptedError' if an unsupported date format is found while parsing the document
    var dateDecodingStrategyFormatters: [DateFormatter]? {
        @available(*, unavailable, message: "This variable is meant to be set only")
        get { return nil }
        set {
            guard let formatters = newValue else { return }
            self.dateDecodingStrategy = .custom { decoder in

                let container = try decoder.singleValueContainer()
                let dateString = try container.decode(String.self)

                for formatter in formatters {
                    if let date = formatter.date(from: dateString) {
                        return date
                    }
                }

                throw DecodingError.dataCorruptedError(in: container, debugDescription: "Cannot decode date string \(dateString)")
            }
        }
    }
}

添加只能设置的变量有点麻烦,但是您可以轻松地将var dateDecodingStrategyFormatters转换为func setDateDecodingStrategyFormatters(_ formatters: [DateFormatter]? )

用法

让我们说您已经在代码中定义了多个DateFormatter,如下所示:

extension DateFormatter {
    static let standardT: DateFormatter = {
        var dateFormatter = DateFormatter()
        dateFormatter.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss"
        return dateFormatter
    }()

    static let standard: DateFormatter = {
        var dateFormatter = DateFormatter()
        dateFormatter.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"
        return dateFormatter
    }()

    static let yearMonthDay: DateFormatter = {
        var dateFormatter = DateFormatter()
        dateFormatter.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd"
        return dateFormatter
    }()
}

您现在可以通过设置dateDecodingStrategyFormatters直接将它们分配给解码器:

// Data structure
struct Dates: Codable {
    var date1: Date
    var date2: Date
    var date3: Date
}

// The Json to decode 
let jsonData = """
{
    "date1": "2019-05-30 15:18:00",
    "date2": "2019-05-30T05:18:00",
    "date3": "2019-04-17"
}
""".data(using: .utf8)!

// Assigning mutliple DateFormatters
let decoder = JSONDecoder()
decoder.dateDecodingStrategyFormatters = [ DateFormatter.standardT,
                                           DateFormatter.standard,
                                           DateFormatter.yearMonthDay ]


do {
    let dates = try decoder.decode(Dates.self, from: jsonData)
    print(dates)
} catch let err as DecodingError {
    print(err.localizedDescription)
}

边注

再一次,我知道将dateDecodingStrategyFormatters设置为var有点麻烦,我不建议这样做,而应该定义一个函数。但是,这样做是个人喜好。