表达式树lambda可能不包含空传播运算符

时间:2017-06-21 16:16:42

标签: c# linq null-coalescing-operator

问题:以下代码中的行new_t3 = 0, 3, 3 new_t6 = 3, 2, 3 new_t9= 1, 3, 2 给出了上述错误。但如果我从price = co?.price ?? 0,中移除?,它就可以了。我试图关注他们在co.?上使用?的{​​{3}},因此,似乎我需要了解何时将select new { person.FirstName, PetName = subpet?.Name ?? String.Empty };?一起使用不要。

错误

  

表达式树lambda可能不包含空传播运算符

??

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:80)

您引用的示例使用LINQ to Objects,其中查询中的隐式lambda表达式转换为委托 ...而您正在使用EF或类似的{{1} } queryies,其中lambda表达式转换为表达式树。表达式树不支持空条件运算符(或元组)。

以旧方式做到:

wrapper.java.additional.**13**=-Dremote.host.ip="1.2.3.4"

(我相信null-coalescing运算符在表达式树中很好。)

答案 1 :(得分:6)

您链接的代码使用List<T>List<T>实施IEnumerable<T>但不IQueryable<T>。在这种情况下,投影在内存中执行,?.可以正常工作。

您正在使用某些IQueryable<T>,其效果非常不同。对于IQueryable<T>,将创建投影的表示,并且您的LINQ提供程序决定在运行时如何处理它。出于向后兼容性原因,此处不能使用?.

根据您的LINQ提供商,您可以使用普通.,但仍然无法获得任何NullReferenceException

答案 2 :(得分:1)

乔恩·斯基特(Jon Skeet)的回答是正确的,就我而言,我在实体类中使用的是DateTime。 当我尝试使用like

(a.DateProperty == null ? default : a.DateProperty.Date)

我遇到了错误

Property 'System.DateTime Date' is not defined for type 'System.Nullable`1[System.DateTime]' (Parameter 'property')

所以我需要为我的实体类更改DateTime?

(a.DateProperty == null ? default : a.DateProperty.Value.Date)

答案 3 :(得分:0)

虽然表达式树不支持C#6.0 null传播,但是我们可以做的是创建一个访问者,该访问者可以修改表达式树以实现安全的null传播,就像运算符一样!

Here is mine:

public class NullPropagationVisitor : ExpressionVisitor
{
    private readonly bool _recursive;

    public NullPropagationVisitor(bool recursive)
    {
        _recursive = recursive;
    }

    protected override Expression VisitUnary(UnaryExpression propertyAccess)
    {
        if (propertyAccess.Operand is MemberExpression mem)
            return VisitMember(mem);

        if (propertyAccess.Operand is MethodCallExpression met)
            return VisitMethodCall(met);

        if (propertyAccess.Operand is ConditionalExpression cond)
            return Expression.Condition(
                    test: cond.Test,
                    ifTrue: MakeNullable(Visit(cond.IfTrue)),
                    ifFalse: MakeNullable(Visit(cond.IfFalse)));

        return base.VisitUnary(propertyAccess);
    }

    protected override Expression VisitMember(MemberExpression propertyAccess)
    {
        return Common(propertyAccess.Expression, propertyAccess);
    }

    protected override Expression VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression propertyAccess)
    {
        if (propertyAccess.Object == null)
            return base.VisitMethodCall(propertyAccess);

        return Common(propertyAccess.Object, propertyAccess);
    }

    private BlockExpression Common(Expression instance, Expression propertyAccess)
    {
        var safe = _recursive ? base.Visit(instance) : instance;
        var caller = Expression.Variable(safe.Type, "caller");
        var assign = Expression.Assign(caller, safe);
        var acess = MakeNullable(new ExpressionReplacer(instance,
            IsNullableStruct(instance) ? caller : RemoveNullable(caller)).Visit(propertyAccess));
        var ternary = Expression.Condition(
                    test: Expression.Equal(caller, Expression.Constant(null)),
                    ifTrue: Expression.Constant(null, acess.Type),
                    ifFalse: acess);

        return Expression.Block(
            type: acess.Type,
            variables: new[]
            {
                caller,
            },
            expressions: new Expression[]
            {
                assign,
                ternary,
            });
    }

    private static Expression MakeNullable(Expression ex)
    {
        if (IsNullable(ex))
            return ex;

        return Expression.Convert(ex, typeof(Nullable<>).MakeGenericType(ex.Type));
    }

    private static bool IsNullable(Expression ex)
    {
        return !ex.Type.IsValueType || (Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(ex.Type) != null);
    }

    private static bool IsNullableStruct(Expression ex)
    {
        return ex.Type.IsValueType && (Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(ex.Type) != null);
    }

    private static Expression RemoveNullable(Expression ex)
    {
        if (IsNullableStruct(ex))
            return Expression.Convert(ex, ex.Type.GenericTypeArguments[0]);

        return ex;
    }

    private class ExpressionReplacer : ExpressionVisitor
    {
        private readonly Expression _oldEx;
        private readonly Expression _newEx;

        internal ExpressionReplacer(Expression oldEx, Expression newEx)
        {
            _oldEx = oldEx;
            _newEx = newEx;
        }

        public override Expression Visit(Expression node)
        {
            if (node == _oldEx)
                return _newEx;

            return base.Visit(node);
        }
    }
}

它通过了以下测试:

private static string Foo(string s) => s;

static void Main(string[] _)
{
    var visitor = new NullPropagationVisitor(recursive: true);

    Test1();
    Test2();
    Test3();

    void Test1()
    {
        Expression<Func<string, char?>> f = s => s == "foo" ? 'X' : Foo(s).Length.ToString()[0];

        var fBody = (Expression<Func<string, char?>>)visitor.Visit(f);

        var fFunc = fBody.Compile();

        Debug.Assert(fFunc(null) == null);
        Debug.Assert(fFunc("bar") == '3');
        Debug.Assert(fFunc("foo") == 'X');
    }

    void Test2()
    {
        Expression<Func<string, int>> y = s => s.Length;

        var yBody = visitor.Visit(y.Body);
        var yFunc = Expression.Lambda<Func<string, int?>>(
                                    body: yBody,
                                    parameters: y.Parameters)
                            .Compile();

        Debug.Assert(yFunc(null) == null);
        Debug.Assert(yFunc("bar") == 3);
    }

    void Test3()
    {
        Expression<Func<char?, string>> y = s => s.Value.ToString()[0].ToString();

        var yBody = visitor.Visit(y.Body);
        var yFunc = Expression.Lambda<Func<char?, string>>(
                                    body: yBody,
                                    parameters: y.Parameters)
                            .Compile();

        Debug.Assert(yFunc(null) == null);
        Debug.Assert(yFunc('A') == "A");
    }
}