每次我尝试运行
bundle exec rake db:create db:migrate
我收到此错误：
PG::InvalidParameterValue: ERROR: new encoding (UTF8) is incompatible with the encoding of the template database (SQL_ASCII)
HINT: Use the same encoding as in the template database, or use template0 as template.
: CREATE DATABASE "ruby-getting-started_development" ENCODING = 'unicode'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements.rb:155:in `async_exec'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements.rb:155:in `block in execute'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:484:in `block in log'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.8/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:20:in `instrument'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:478:in `log'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements.rb:154:in `execute'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb:78:in `create_database'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/tasks/postgresql_database_tasks.rb:15:in `create'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:93:in `create'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:107:in `block in create_current'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:276:in `block in each_current_configuration'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:275:in `each'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:275:in `each_current_configuration'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:106:in `create_current'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:17:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/task.rb:250:in `block in execute'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/task.rb:250:in `each'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/task.rb:250:in `execute'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/task.rb:194:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.3.0/lib/ruby/2.3.0/monitor.rb:214:in `mon_synchronize'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/task.rb:187:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/task.rb:180:in `invoke'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:152:in `invoke_task'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:108:in `block (2 levels) in top_level'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:108:in `each'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:108:in `block in top_level'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:117:in `run_with_threads'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:102:in `top_level'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:80:in `block in run'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:178:in `standard_exception_handling'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:77:in `run'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/exe/rake:27:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/bin/rake:23:in `load'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/bin/rake:23:in `<main>'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `<main>'
Couldn't create database for {"adapter"=>"postgresql", "encoding"=>"unicode", "pool"=>5, "database"=>"ruby-getting-started_development"}
PG::InvalidParameterValue: ERROR: new encoding (UTF8) is incompatible with the encoding of the template database (SQL_ASCII)
HINT: Use the same encoding as in the template database, or use template0 as template.
: CREATE DATABASE "ruby-getting-started_test" ENCODING = 'unicode'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements.rb:155:in `async_exec'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements.rb:155:in `block in execute'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:484:in `block in log'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.8/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:20:in `instrument'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:478:in `log'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements.rb:154:in `execute'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb:78:in `create_database'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/tasks/postgresql_database_tasks.rb:15:in `create'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:93:in `create'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:107:in `block in create_current'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:276:in `block in each_current_configuration'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:275:in `each'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:275:in `each_current_configuration'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:106:in `create_current'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:17:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/task.rb:250:in `block in execute'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/task.rb:250:in `each'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/task.rb:250:in `execute'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/task.rb:194:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain'
/usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.3.0/lib/ruby/2.3.0/monitor.rb:214:in `mon_synchronize'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/task.rb:187:in `invoke_with_call_chain'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/task.rb:180:in `invoke'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:152:in `invoke_task'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:108:in `block (2 levels) in top_level'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:108:in `each'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:108:in `block in top_level'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:117:in `run_with_threads'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:102:in `top_level'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:80:in `block in run'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:178:in `standard_exception_handling'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:77:in `run'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/exe/rake:27:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/bin/rake:23:in `load'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/bin/rake:23:in `<main>'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `<main>'
Couldn't create database for {"adapter"=>"postgresql", "encoding"=>"unicode", "pool"=>5, "database"=>"ruby-getting-started_test"}
rake aborted!
ActiveRecord::NoDatabaseError: FATAL: database "ruby-getting-started_development" does not exist
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:661:in `rescue in connect'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:651:in `connect'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:242:in `initialize'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:44:in `new'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:44:in `postgresql_connection'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:438:in `new_connection'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:448:in `checkout_new_connection'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:422:in `acquire_connection'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:349:in `block in checkout'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:348:in `checkout'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:263:in `block in connection'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:262:in `connection'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:571:in `retrieve_connection'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:113:in `retrieve_connection'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:87:in `connection'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/migration.rb:916:in `initialize'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/migration.rb:823:in `new'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/migration.rb:823:in `up'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/migration.rb:801:in `migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:137:in `migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:44:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/exe/rake:27:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `<main>'
PG::ConnectionBad: FATAL: database "ruby-getting-started_development" does not exist
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:651:in `initialize'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:651:in `new'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:651:in `connect'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:242:in `initialize'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:44:in `new'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:44:in `postgresql_connection'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:438:in `new_connection'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:448:in `checkout_new_connection'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:422:in `acquire_connection'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:349:in `block in checkout'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:348:in `checkout'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:263:in `block in connection'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:262:in `connection'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:571:in `retrieve_connection'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:113:in `retrieve_connection'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:87:in `connection'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/migration.rb:916:in `initialize'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/migration.rb:823:in `new'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/migration.rb:823:in `up'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/migration.rb:801:in `migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:137:in `migrate'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.8/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:44:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/exe/rake:27:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval'
/usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `<main>'
Tasks: TOP => db:migrate
(See full trace by running task with --trace)
这就是我的database.yml文件的样子
# PostgreSQL. Versions 8.2 and up are supported.
#
# Install the pg driver:
# gem install pg
# On OS X with Homebrew:
# gem install pg -- --with-pg-config=/usr/local/bin/pg_config
# On OS X with MacPorts:
# gem install pg -- --with-pg-config=/opt/local/lib/postgresql84/bin/pg_config
# On Windows:
# gem install pg
# Choose the win32 build.
# Install PostgreSQL and put its /bin directory on your path.
#
# Configure Using Gemfile
# gem 'pg'
#
default: &default
adapter: postgresql
encoding: unicode
# For details on connection pooling, see rails configuration guide
# http://guides.rubyonrails.org/configuring.html#database-pooling
pool: 5
development:
<<: *default
database: ruby-getting-started_development
# The specified database role being used to connect to postgres.
# To create additional roles in postgres see `$ createuser --help`.
# When left blank, postgres will use the default role. This is
# the same name as the operating system user that initialized the database.
#username: ruby-getting-started
# The password associated with the postgres role (username).
#password:
# Connect on a TCP socket. Omitted by default since the client uses a
# domain socket that doesn't need configuration. Windows does not have
# domain sockets, so uncomment these lines.
#host: localhost
# The TCP port the server listens on. Defaults to 5432.
# If your server runs on a different port number, change accordingly.
#port: 5432
# Schema search path. The server defaults to $user,public
#schema_search_path: myapp,sharedapp,public
# Minimum log levels, in increasing order:
# debug5, debug4, debug3, debug2, debug1,
# log, notice, warning, error, fatal, and panic
# Defaults to warning.
#min_messages: notice
# Warning: The database defined as "test" will be erased and
# re-generated from your development database when you run "rake".
# Do not set this db to the same as development or production.
test:
<<: *default
database: ruby-getting-started_test
# As with config/secrets.yml, you never want to store sensitive information,
# like your database password, in your source code. If your source code is
# ever seen by anyone, they now have access to your database.
#
# Instead, provide the password as a unix environment variable when you boot
# the app. Read http://guides.rubyonrails.org/configuring.html#configuring-a-database
# for a full rundown on how to provide these environment variables in a
# production deployment.
#
# On Heroku and other platform providers, you may have a full connection URL
# available as an environment variable. For example:
#
# DATABASE_URL="postgres://myuser:mypass@localhost/somedatabase"
#
# You can use this database configuration with:
#
# production:
# url: <%= ENV['DATABASE_URL'] %>
#
production:
<<: *default
database: ruby-getting-started_production
username: ruby-getting-started
password: <%= ENV['RUBY-GETTING-STARTED_DATABASE_PASSWORD'] %>
有谁知道如何修复它？
答案 0 :(得分：0)
类似问题here。这个答案也适用于你的问题。
您在postgres中创建的每个数据库都会复制template1 DB（它是系统数据库）。您遇到的问题是，template1 DB的编码不是unicode。所以你有两个选择，（a）将template1的编码改为unicode，或者（b）使用template0在postgres中创建新的数据库。 template0是没有编码信息的系统数据库，因此它使用指定的编码。以下解决方案使用选项-b。
对database.yml文件进行以下更改：
development:
<<: *default
database: ruby-getting-started_development
template: template0