如何在Swift 4可解码协议中解码具有JSON字典类型的属性

时间：2017-06-17 10:03:26

标签： json swift swift4 codable

我们说我有Customer数据类型，其中包含metadata属性，该属性可以包含客户对象中的任何JSON字典

struct Customer {
  let id: String
  let email: String
  let metadata: [String: Any]
}

{  
  "object": "customer",
  "id": "4yq6txdpfadhbaqnwp3",
  "email": "john.doe@example.com",
  "metadata": {
    "link_id": "linked-id",
    "buy_count": 4
  }
}

metadata属性可以是任意JSON地图对象。

在我从NSJSONDeserialization的反序列化JSON中使用新的Swift 4 Decodable协议转换属性之前，我仍然无法想到一种方法。

有人知道如何使用可解码协议在Swift 4中实现这一目标吗？

15 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：53)

我从this gist获得了一些灵感，我发现了UnkeyedDecodingContainer和KeyedDecodingContainer的一些扩展。你可以找到我的要点here的链接。通过使用此代码，您现在可以使用熟悉的语法解码任何Array<Any>或Dictionary<String, Any>：

let dictionary: [String: Any] = try container.decode([String: Any].self, forKey: key)

或

let array: [Any] = try container.decode([Any].self, forKey: key)

编辑：我发现有一个警告是解码字典数组[[String: Any]]所需的语法如下。您可能想要抛出错误而不是强制转换：

let items: [[String: Any]] = try container.decode(Array<Any>.self, forKey: .items) as! [[String: Any]]

编辑2：如果您只想将整个文件转换为字典，最好坚持使用JSONSerialization中的api，因为我还没有找到一种方法来扩展JSONDecoder本身以直接解码字典。

guard let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: []) as? [String: Any] else {
  // appropriate error handling
  return
}

扩展名

// Inspired by https://gist.github.com/mbuchetics/c9bc6c22033014aa0c550d3b4324411a

struct JSONCodingKeys: CodingKey {
    var stringValue: String

    init?(stringValue: String) {
        self.stringValue = stringValue
    }

    var intValue: Int?

    init?(intValue: Int) {
        self.init(stringValue: "\(intValue)")
        self.intValue = intValue
    }
}


extension KeyedDecodingContainer {

    func decode(_ type: Dictionary<String, Any>.Type, forKey key: K) throws -> Dictionary<String, Any> {
        let container = try self.nestedContainer(keyedBy: JSONCodingKeys.self, forKey: key)
        return try container.decode(type)
    }

    func decodeIfPresent(_ type: Dictionary<String, Any>.Type, forKey key: K) throws -> Dictionary<String, Any>? {
        guard contains(key) else { 
            return nil
        }
        guard try decodeNil(forKey: key) == false else { 
            return nil 
        }
        return try decode(type, forKey: key)
    }

    func decode(_ type: Array<Any>.Type, forKey key: K) throws -> Array<Any> {
        var container = try self.nestedUnkeyedContainer(forKey: key)
        return try container.decode(type)
    }

    func decodeIfPresent(_ type: Array<Any>.Type, forKey key: K) throws -> Array<Any>? {
        guard contains(key) else {
            return nil
        }
        guard try decodeNil(forKey: key) == false else { 
            return nil 
        }
        return try decode(type, forKey: key)
    }

    func decode(_ type: Dictionary<String, Any>.Type) throws -> Dictionary<String, Any> {
        var dictionary = Dictionary<String, Any>()

        for key in allKeys {
            if let boolValue = try? decode(Bool.self, forKey: key) {
                dictionary[key.stringValue] = boolValue
            } else if let stringValue = try? decode(String.self, forKey: key) {
                dictionary[key.stringValue] = stringValue
            } else if let intValue = try? decode(Int.self, forKey: key) {
                dictionary[key.stringValue] = intValue
            } else if let doubleValue = try? decode(Double.self, forKey: key) {
                dictionary[key.stringValue] = doubleValue
            } else if let nestedDictionary = try? decode(Dictionary<String, Any>.self, forKey: key) {
                dictionary[key.stringValue] = nestedDictionary
            } else if let nestedArray = try? decode(Array<Any>.self, forKey: key) {
                dictionary[key.stringValue] = nestedArray
            }
        }
        return dictionary
    }
}

extension UnkeyedDecodingContainer {

    mutating func decode(_ type: Array<Any>.Type) throws -> Array<Any> {
        var array: [Any] = []
        while isAtEnd == false {
            // See if the current value in the JSON array is `null` first and prevent infite recursion with nested arrays.
            if try decodeNil() {
                continue
            } else if let value = try? decode(Bool.self) {
                array.append(value)
            } else if let value = try? decode(Double.self) {
                array.append(value)
            } else if let value = try? decode(String.self) {
                array.append(value)
            } else if let nestedDictionary = try? decode(Dictionary<String, Any>.self) {
                array.append(nestedDictionary)
            } else if let nestedArray = try? decode(Array<Any>.self) {
                array.append(nestedArray)
            }
        }
        return array
    }

    mutating func decode(_ type: Dictionary<String, Any>.Type) throws -> Dictionary<String, Any> {

        let nestedContainer = try self.nestedContainer(keyedBy: JSONCodingKeys.self)
        return try nestedContainer.decode(type)
    }
}

答案 1 :(得分：15)

我也玩过这个问题，最后写了simple library for working with “generic JSON” types。 （其中“generic”表示“没有事先知道结构”。）要点是用具体类型表示通用JSON：

public enum JSON {
    case string(String)
    case number(Float)
    case object([String:JSON])
    case array([JSON])
    case bool(Bool)
    case null
}

然后，此类型可以实现Codable和Equatable。

答案 2 :(得分：6)

当我找到旧的答案时，我只测试了一个简单的JSON对象案例，但不是一个空案例，这将导致运行时异常，如@slurmomatic和@zoul找到。对不起，这个问题。

所以我通过一个简单的JSONValue协议尝试另一种方式，实现AnyJSONValue类型擦除结构并使用该类型而不是Any。这是一个实现。

public protocol JSONType: Decodable {
    var jsonValue: Any { get }
}

extension Int: JSONType {
    public var jsonValue: Any { return self }
}
extension String: JSONType {
    public var jsonValue: Any { return self }
}
extension Double: JSONType {
    public var jsonValue: Any { return self }
}
extension Bool: JSONType {
    public var jsonValue: Any { return self }
}

public struct AnyJSONType: JSONType {
    public let jsonValue: Any

    public init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        let container = try decoder.singleValueContainer()

        if let intValue = try? container.decode(Int.self) {
            jsonValue = intValue
        } else if let stringValue = try? container.decode(String.self) {
            jsonValue = stringValue
        } else if let boolValue = try? container.decode(Bool.self) {
            jsonValue = boolValue
        } else if let doubleValue = try? container.decode(Double.self) {
            jsonValue = doubleValue
        } else if let doubleValue = try? container.decode(Array<AnyJSONType>.self) {
            jsonValue = doubleValue
        } else if let doubleValue = try? container.decode(Dictionary<String, AnyJSONType>.self) {
            jsonValue = doubleValue
        } else {
            throw DecodingError.typeMismatch(JSONType.self, DecodingError.Context(codingPath: decoder.codingPath, debugDescription: "Unsupported JSON tyep"))
        }
    }
}

以下是解码时的使用方法

metadata = try container.decode ([String: AnyJSONValue].self, forKey: .metadata)

此问题的问题是我们必须致电value.jsonValue as? Int。我们需要等到Conditional Conformance登陆Swift，才能解决这个问题，或者至少帮助它变得更好。

[旧答案]

我在Apple Developer论坛上发布了这个问题，事实证明这很容易。

我能做到

metadata = try container.decode ([String: Any].self, forKey: .metadata)
初始化程序中的

。

首先，我很想念它。

答案 3 :(得分：5)

我的解决方案略有不同。

假设我们有一些不仅仅是简单的[String: Any]来解析Any可能是数组或嵌套字典或数组字典。

这样的事情：

var json = """
{
  "id": 12345,
  "name": "Giuseppe",
  "last_name": "Lanza",
  "age": 31,
  "happy": true,
  "rate": 1.5,
  "classes": ["maths", "phisics"],
  "dogs": [
    {
      "name": "Gala",
      "age": 1
    }, {
      "name": "Aria",
      "age": 3
    }
  ]
}
"""

嗯，这是我的解决方案：

public struct AnyDecodable: Decodable {
  public var value: Any

  private struct CodingKeys: CodingKey {
    var stringValue: String
    var intValue: Int?
    init?(intValue: Int) {
      self.stringValue = "\(intValue)"
      self.intValue = intValue
    }
    init?(stringValue: String) { self.stringValue = stringValue }
  }

  public init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
    if let container = try? decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self) {
      var result = [String: Any]()
      try container.allKeys.forEach { (key) throws in
        result[key.stringValue] = try container.decode(AnyDecodable.self, forKey: key).value
      }
      value = result
    } else if var container = try? decoder.unkeyedContainer() {
      var result = [Any]()
      while !container.isAtEnd {
        result.append(try container.decode(AnyDecodable.self).value)
      }
      value = result
    } else if let container = try? decoder.singleValueContainer() {
      if let intVal = try? container.decode(Int.self) {
        value = intVal
      } else if let doubleVal = try? container.decode(Double.self) {
        value = doubleVal
      } else if let boolVal = try? container.decode(Bool.self) {
        value = boolVal
      } else if let stringVal = try? container.decode(String.self) {
        value = stringVal
      } else {
        throw DecodingError.dataCorruptedError(in: container, debugDescription: "the container contains nothing serialisable")
      }
    } else {
      throw DecodingError.dataCorrupted(DecodingError.Context(codingPath: decoder.codingPath, debugDescription: "Could not serialise"))
    }
  }
}

尝试使用

let stud = try! JSONDecoder().decode(AnyDecodable.self, from: jsonData).value as! [String: Any]
print(stud)

答案 4 :(得分：4)

您可以创建确认为Codable协议的元数据结构，并使用Decodable类创建如下所示的对象

let json: [String: Any] = [
    "object": "customer",
    "id": "4yq6txdpfadhbaqnwp3",
    "email": "john.doe@example.com",
    "metadata": [
        "link_id": "linked-id",
        "buy_count": 4
    ]
]

struct Customer: Codable {
    let object: String
    let id: String
    let email: String
    let metadata: Metadata
}

struct Metadata: Codable {
    let link_id: String
    let buy_count: Int
}

let data = try JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: json, options: .prettyPrinted)

let decoder = JSONDecoder()
do {
    let customer = try decoder.decode(Customer.self, from: data)
    print(customer)
} catch {
    print(error.localizedDescription)
}

答案 5 :(得分：1)

您可以查看BeyovaJSON 

{{1}}

答案 6 :(得分：1)

如果您使用SwiftyJSON来解析JSON，则可以更新为4.1.0具有Codable协议支持的https://github.com/philburk/jsyn/blob/master/tests/com/jsyn/examples/SeeGoogleWave.java。只需声明metadata: JSON，即可全部设置。

import SwiftyJSON

struct Customer {
  let id: String
  let email: String
  let metadata: JSON
}

答案 7 :(得分：0)

这是更通用的（不仅[String: Any]，而且[Any]可以解码）和封装的方法（单独的实体用于此），受到@loudmouth答案的启发。

使用它看起来像：

extension Customer: Decodable {
  public init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
    let selfContainer = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
    id = try selfContainer.decode(.id)
    email = try selfContainer.decode(.email)
    let metadataContainer: JsonContainer = try selfContainer.decode(.metadata)
    guard let metadata = metadataContainer.value as? [String: Any] else {
      let context = DecodingError.Context(codingPath: [CodingKeys.metadata], debugDescription: "Expected '[String: Any]' for 'metadata' key")
      throw DecodingError.typeMismatch([String: Any].self, context)
    }
    self.metadata = metadata
  }

  private enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
    case id, email, metadata
  }
}

JsonContainer是一个帮助器实体，我们用它来解码JSON数据到JSON对象（数组或字典）而不扩展*DecodingContainer（所以它不会干扰JSON对象的罕见情况）不是[String: Any]）的意思。

struct JsonContainer {

  let value: Any
}

extension JsonContainer: Decodable {

  public init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
    if let keyedContainer = try? decoder.container(keyedBy: Key.self) {
      var dictionary = [String: Any]()
      for key in keyedContainer.allKeys {
        if let value = try? keyedContainer.decode(Bool.self, forKey: key) {
          // Wrapping numeric and boolean types in `NSNumber` is important, so `as? Int64` or `as? Float` casts will work
          dictionary[key.stringValue] = NSNumber(value: value)
        } else if let value = try? keyedContainer.decode(Int64.self, forKey: key) {
          dictionary[key.stringValue] = NSNumber(value: value)
        } else if let value = try? keyedContainer.decode(Double.self, forKey: key) {
          dictionary[key.stringValue] = NSNumber(value: value)
        } else if let value = try? keyedContainer.decode(String.self, forKey: key) {
          dictionary[key.stringValue] = value
        } else if (try? keyedContainer.decodeNil(forKey: key)) ?? false {
          // NOP
        } else if let value = try? keyedContainer.decode(JsonContainer.self, forKey: key) {
          dictionary[key.stringValue] = value.value
        } else {
          throw DecodingError.dataCorruptedError(forKey: key, in: keyedContainer, debugDescription: "Unexpected value for \(key.stringValue) key")
        }
      }
      value = dictionary
    } else if var unkeyedContainer = try? decoder.unkeyedContainer() {
      var array = [Any]()
      while !unkeyedContainer.isAtEnd {
        let container = try unkeyedContainer.decode(JsonContainer.self)
        array.append(container.value)
      }
      value = array
    } else if let singleValueContainer = try? decoder.singleValueContainer() {
      if let value = try? singleValueContainer.decode(Bool.self) {
        self.value = NSNumber(value: value)
      } else if let value = try? singleValueContainer.decode(Int64.self) {
        self.value = NSNumber(value: value)
      } else if let value = try? singleValueContainer.decode(Double.self) {
        self.value = NSNumber(value: value)
      } else if let value = try? singleValueContainer.decode(String.self) {
        self.value = value
      } else if singleValueContainer.decodeNil() {
        value = NSNull()
      } else {
        throw DecodingError.dataCorruptedError(in: singleValueContainer, debugDescription: "Unexpected value")
      }
    } else {
      let context = DecodingError.Context(codingPath: [], debugDescription: "Invalid data format for JSON")
      throw DecodingError.dataCorrupted(context)
    }
  }

  private struct Key: CodingKey {
    var stringValue: String

    init?(stringValue: String) {
      self.stringValue = stringValue
    }

    var intValue: Int?

    init?(intValue: Int) {
      self.init(stringValue: "\(intValue)")
      self.intValue = intValue
    }
  }
}

请注意，数字和布尔类型由NSNumber支持，否则这样的内容将不起作用：

if customer.metadata["keyForInt"] as? Int64 { // as it always will be nil

答案 8 :(得分：0)

最简单和建议的方法是为每个使用JSON 的字典或模型创建单独的模型。

这是我做的事情

//Model for dictionary **Metadata**

struct Metadata: Codable {
    var link_id: String?
    var buy_count: Int?
}  

//Model for dictionary **Customer**

struct Customer: Codable {
   var object: String?
   var id: String?
   var email: String?
   var metadata: Metadata?
}

//Here is our decodable parser that decodes JSON into expected model

struct CustomerParser {
    var customer: Customer?
}

extension CustomerParser: Decodable {

//keys that matches exactly with JSON
enum CustomerKeys: String, CodingKey {
    case object = "object"
    case id = "id"
    case email = "email"
    case metadata = "metadata"
}

init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
    let container = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CustomerKeys.self) // defining our (keyed) container

    let object: String = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .object) // extracting the data
    let id: String = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .id) // extracting the data
    let email: String = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .email) // extracting the data

   //Here I have used metadata model instead of dictionary [String: Any]
    let metadata: Metadata = try container.decode(Metadata.self, forKey: .metadata) // extracting the data

    self.init(customer: Customer(object: object, id: id, email: email, metadata: metadata))

    }
}

<强>用法： 

  if let url = Bundle.main.url(forResource: "customer-json-file", withExtension: "json") {
        do {
            let jsonData: Data =  try Data(contentsOf: url)
            let parser: CustomerParser = try JSONDecoder().decode(CustomerParser.self, from: jsonData)
            print(parser.customer ?? "null")

        } catch {

        }
    }

**我在解析时使用了可选的安全方法，可以根据需要进行更改。

Read more on this topic

答案 9 :(得分：0)

我制作了一个Pod，以方便地对[String: Any]，[Any]进行解码和编码。这提供了对可选属性的编码或解码，此处为https://github.com/levantAJ/AnyCodable 

pod 'DynamicCodable', '1.0'

如何使用它：

import DynamicCodable

struct YourObject: Codable {
    var dict: [String: Any]
    var array: [Any]
    var optionalDict: [String: Any]?
    var optionalArray: [Any]?

    enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
        case dict
        case array
        case optionalDict
        case optionalArray
    }

    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        let values = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
        dict = try values.decode([String: Any].self, forKey: .dict)
        array = try values.decode([Any].self, forKey: .array)
        optionalDict = try values.decodeIfPresent([String: Any].self, forKey: .optionalDict)
        optionalArray = try values.decodeIfPresent([Any].self, forKey: .optionalArray)
    }

    func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
        var container = encoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
        try container.encode(dict, forKey: .dict)
        try container.encode(array, forKey: .array)
        try container.encodeIfPresent(optionalDict, forKey: .optionalDict)
        try container.encodeIfPresent(optionalArray, forKey: .optionalArray)
    }
}

答案 10 :(得分：0)

extension ViewController {

    func swiftyJson(){
        let url = URL(string: "https://itunes.apple.com/search?term=jack+johnson")
        //let url = URL(string: "http://makani.bitstaging.in/api/business/businesses_list")

        Alamofire.request(url!, method: .get, parameters: nil).responseJSON { response in
            var arrayIndexes = [IndexPath]()
            switch(response.result) {
            case .success(_):

                let data = response.result.value as! [String : Any]

                if let responseData =  Mapper<DataModel>().map(JSON: data) {
                    if responseData.results!.count > 0{
                        self.arrayExploreStylistList = []
                    }
                    for i in 0..<responseData.results!.count{
                        arrayIndexes.append(IndexPath(row: self.arrayExploreStylistList.count + i, section: 0))
                    }
                    self.arrayExploreStylistList.append(contentsOf: responseData.results!)

                    print(arrayIndexes.count)

                }

                //                    if let arrNew = data["results"] as? [[String : Any]]{
                //                        let jobData = Mapper<DataModel>().mapArray(JSONArray: arrNew)
                //                        print(jobData)
                //                        self.datamodel = jobData
                //                    }
                self.tblView.reloadData()
                break

            case .failure(_):
                print(response.result.error as Any)
                break

            }
        }

    }
}

答案 11 :(得分：0)

使用解码器和编码键进行解码

public let dataToDecode: [String: AnyDecodable]

enum CodingKeys: CodingKey {
    case dataToDecode
}

init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
    let container = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
    self.dataToDecode = try container.decode(Dictionary<String, AnyDecodable>.self, forKey: .dataToDecode) 
}

答案 12 :(得分：0)

详细信息

  • Xcode 12.0.1（12A7300）
  • Swift 5.3

基于Tai Le库

[x*3 for x in range(1, 100)]

解决方案

// code from: https://github.com/levantAJ/AnyCodable/blob/master/AnyCodable/DecodingContainer%2BAnyCollection.swift

private
struct AnyCodingKey: CodingKey {
    let stringValue: String
    private (set) var intValue: Int?
    init?(stringValue: String) { self.stringValue = stringValue }
    init?(intValue: Int) {
        self.intValue = intValue
        stringValue = String(intValue)
    }
}

extension KeyedDecodingContainer {

    private
    func decode(_ type: [Any].Type, forKey key: KeyedDecodingContainer<K>.Key) throws -> [Any] {
        var values = try nestedUnkeyedContainer(forKey: key)
        return try values.decode(type)
    }

    private
    func decode(_ type: [String: Any].Type, forKey key: KeyedDecodingContainer<K>.Key) throws -> [String: Any] {
        try nestedContainer(keyedBy: AnyCodingKey.self, forKey: key).decode(type)
    }

    func decode(_ type: [String: Any].Type) throws -> [String: Any] {
        var dictionary: [String: Any] = [:]
        for key in allKeys {
            if try decodeNil(forKey: key) {
                dictionary[key.stringValue] = NSNull()
            } else if let bool = try? decode(Bool.self, forKey: key) {
                dictionary[key.stringValue] = bool
            } else if let string = try? decode(String.self, forKey: key) {
                dictionary[key.stringValue] = string
            } else if let int = try? decode(Int.self, forKey: key) {
                dictionary[key.stringValue] = int
            } else if let double = try? decode(Double.self, forKey: key) {
                dictionary[key.stringValue] = double
            } else if let dict = try? decode([String: Any].self, forKey: key) {
                dictionary[key.stringValue] = dict
            } else if let array = try? decode([Any].self, forKey: key) {
                dictionary[key.stringValue] = array
            }
        }
        return dictionary
    }
}

extension UnkeyedDecodingContainer {
    mutating func decode(_ type: [Any].Type) throws -> [Any] {
        var elements: [Any] = []
        while !isAtEnd {
            if try decodeNil() {
                elements.append(NSNull())
            } else if let int = try? decode(Int.self) {
                elements.append(int)
            } else if let bool = try? decode(Bool.self) {
                elements.append(bool)
            } else if let double = try? decode(Double.self) {
                elements.append(double)
            } else if let string = try? decode(String.self) {
                elements.append(string)
            } else if let values = try? nestedContainer(keyedBy: AnyCodingKey.self),
                let element = try? values.decode([String: Any].self) {
                elements.append(element)
            } else if var values = try? nestedUnkeyedContainer(),
                let element = try? values.decode([Any].self) {
                elements.append(element)
            }
        }
        return elements
    }
}

用法

struct DecodableDictionary: Decodable {
    typealias Value = [String: Any]
    let dictionary: Value?
    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        dictionary = try? decoder.container(keyedBy: AnyCodingKey.self).decode(Value.self)
    }
}

答案 13 :(得分：0)

我写了一篇文章和 repo 来帮助添加 [String: Any] 对 Codable 的解码和编码支持。

https://medium.com/nerd-for-tech/string-any-support-for-codable-4ba062ce62f2

这改进了可解码方面，并添加了可编码支持作为 https://stackoverflow.com/a/46049763/9160905 中给出的解决方案

您将能够实现的目标：

json

sample code

答案 14 :(得分：-1)

你想要反对Codable的设计。 Codable背后的想法是提供一种以类型安全的方式存档和取消归档数据的机制。这意味着您必须事先定义属性及其数据类型。我可以为您的问题考虑两种解决方案：

1。列出所有可能的元数据键

通常，如果您深入了解API的文档，您将找到所有潜在元数据键的完整列表。定义Metadata结构，将这些键作为可选属性：

struct Customer: Decodable {
    struct Metadata: Decodable {
        var linkId: String?
        var buyCount: Int?
        var somethingElse: Int?

        private enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
            case linkId = "link_id"
            case buyCount = "buy_count"
            case somethingElse = "something_else"
        }
    }

    var object: String
    var id: String
    var email: String
    var metadata: Metadata
}

let customer = try! JSONDecoder().decode(Customer.self, from: jsonData)
print(customer.metadata)

我可以看到Swift设计师更喜欢这种方法。

2。结合可解码和JSONSerialization

JSONSerialization为类型安全的交易提供了极大的动力。你绝对可以将它与Decodable混合起来，其设计理念恰恰相反：

struct Customer {
    private struct RawCustomer: Decodable {
        var object: String
        var id: String
        var email: String
    }

    var object: String
    var id: String
    var email: String
    var metadata: [String: AnyObject]

    init(jsonData: Data) throws {
        let rawCustomer = try JSONDecoder().decode(RawCustomer.self, from: jsonData)
        object = rawCustomer.object
        id     = rawCustomer.id
        email  = rawCustomer.email

        let jsonObject = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: jsonData)
        if let dict = jsonObject as? [String: AnyObject],
            let metadata = dict["metadata"] as? [String: AnyObject]
        {
            self.metadata = metadata
        } else {
            self.metadata = [String: AnyObject]()
        }
    }
}

let customer = try! Customer(jsonData: jsonData)
print(customer.metadata)
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