如何在pygame中显示一个矩形？

Question

我一直在学习python，刚开始在Pygame中使用编码。我目前的节目是一个角色是苍蝇的游戏，必须避免被苍蝇拍杀死。游戏必须首先在屏幕上的任何位置随机显示半透明的黄色方块。这个方块表示苍蝇拍将在2秒内发射的位置，让玩家有时间飞出该罢工区域。当苍蝇拍时，我想在较暗的正方形的确切位置上对比赛进行不透明的方形。这个方块会在玩家出现时杀死玩家。虽然我计划显示消息并添加其他具有此性质的东西，但不透明的方块（或苍蝇拍）应终止游戏会话。我已经创建了两个正方形，但我需要不透明的正方形来到半透明的正方形之后，并且在同一个位置。每次打击后，我都希望方块消失，然后重复这个过程。如果有人有任何见解，我可以如何去做1）在随机的位置blit半透明的方块和2）在2秒内使较暗的方形“罢工”相同的位置，然后消失并重复，我将非常感激。我已经尝试使用time.sleep（）函数，但它没有工作。 非常感谢!!

（请原谅我有点凌乱的代码！）

import pygame, random, time, sys, math
from pygame.locals import *

pygame.init()

display_width = 800
display_height = 600

gameDisplay = pygame.display.set_mode((display_width,display_height))
pygame.display.set_caption('Fly Dodger')

black = (0,0,0)
white = (255,255,255)
yellow = (255,255,0)

fly_width = 70

clock = pygame.time.Clock()

crashed = False

flyImg = pygame.image.load("Fly.png")
flyImg = pygame.transform.scale(flyImg, (80, 80))

#THe faintswatter is the faint image/square I want to appear first. 
faintSwatter = pygame.image.load("faintswatter.png")
faintSwatter = pygame.transform.scale(faintSwatter, (400, 510))

#The realswatter is the square that appears after the fainter one, in the same position. 
realswatter = pygame.image.load("swatter.png")
realswatter = pygame.transform.scale(realswatter, (400, 510))

windowImg = pygame.image.load("window.jpg")
windowImg = pygame.transform.scale(windowImg, (800,600))
pygame.display.update()

def fly(x,y):
    gameDisplay.blit(flyImg, (x,y))

def border():
    x_change = 0
    y_change = 0

def swatter_Function(swatterx, swattery, swaterw, swaterh, color):
    pygame.draw.rect(gameDisplay, color, [swatterx, swattery, swaterw, swaterh])

def things_dodged(count):
    font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 25)
    text = font.render("Dodged: "+str(count), True, green)
    gameDisplay.blit(text, (0,0))

def message_display(text):
    largeText = pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf",115)
    TextSurf, TextRect = text_objects(text, largeText)
    TextRect.center = ((display_width/2),(display_height/2))
    gameDisplay.blit(TextSurf, TextRect)

def gameloop():
    x = (display_width * .45)
    y = (display_height * .4)
    x_change = 0
    y_change = 0

    gameExit = False

    while not gameExit:
        for event in pygame.event.get():

            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                crashed = True

            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:

                if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                    x_change = -5

                elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                    x_change = 5

                elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                    y_change = -5

                elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                    y_change = 5


        x += x_change
        y += y_change


            if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT or event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                    x_change = 0

            if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                if event.key == pygame.K_UP or event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                    y_change = 0

        gameDisplay.blit(windowImg, (0,0))
        fly(x,y)
        gameDisplay.blit(faintSwatter,(1,1))
        gameDisplay.blit(realswatter, (2,2))
        pygame.display.update()

        if x > display_width - fly_width or x < 0:
            gameExit = True

        if y > display_height - fly_width or y < 0:
            gameExit = True



        pygame.display.update()
        clock.tick(60)
gameloop()
pygame.quit()
quit()

Answer 1

我做了一些重大改变..寻找#changes。

这些是我使用的图片：http://imgur.com/a/0MOkP

import pygame, random, time, sys, math
from pygame.locals import *

pygame.init()

display_width = 800
display_height = 600

gameDisplay = pygame.display.set_mode((display_width,display_height))
pygame.display.set_caption('Fly Dodger')

black = (0,0,0)
white = (255,255,255)
yellow = (255,255,0)

fly_width = 70

clock = pygame.time.Clock()

crashed = False

flyImg = pygame.image.load("Fly.png").convert() #changes
flyImg = pygame.transform.scale(flyImg, (80, 80))

#THe faintswatter is the faint image/square I want to appear first.
faintSwatter = pygame.image.load("faintswatter.png").convert() #changes
faintSwatter = pygame.transform.scale(faintSwatter, (400, 510))
faintSwatter.set_alpha(128) #changes


#The realswatter is the square that appears after the fainter one, in the same position.
realswatter = pygame.image.load("swatter.png").convert() #changes
realswatter = pygame.transform.scale(realswatter, (400, 510))

windowImg = pygame.image.load("window.jpg")
windowImg = pygame.transform.scale(windowImg, (800,600))
pygame.display.update()

def fly(x,y):
    gameDisplay.blit(flyImg, (x,y))

def border():
    x_change = 0
    y_change = 0

def swatter_Function(swatterx, swattery, swaterw, swaterh, color):
    pygame.draw.rect(gameDisplay, color, [swatterx, swattery, swaterw, swaterh])

def things_dodged(count):
    font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 25)
    text = font.render("Dodged: "+str(count), True, green)
    gameDisplay.blit(text, (0,0))

def message_display(text):
    largeText = pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf",115)
    TextSurf, TextRect = text_objects(text, largeText)
    TextRect.center = ((display_width/2),(display_height/2))
    gameDisplay.blit(TextSurf, TextRect)

def gameloop():
    x = (display_width * .45)
    y = (display_height * .4)
    x_change = 0
    y_change = 0

    #changes
    totalPlaytime = 0.0
    faintDisplay = True
    solidDisplay = False
    choosenCoords = False

    gameExit = False

    while not gameExit:
        for event in pygame.event.get():

            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                #changes
                gameExit = True

            if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:

                if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                    x_change = -5

                elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                    x_change = 5

                elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                    y_change = -5

                elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                    y_change = 5

            #changes - moved in the loop
            if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT or event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                    x_change = 0

            if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                if event.key == pygame.K_UP or event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                    y_change = 0

        #changes - moved out of the loop at the end
        x += x_change
        y += y_change

        gameDisplay.blit(windowImg, (0,0))
        fly(x,y)

        #changes
        if faintDisplay and not choosenCoords:
            xSwatter = random.randrange(0,display_width-400)
            ySwatter = random.randrange(0,display_height-510)
            choosenCoords = True
            faintSwatterBeginTime = totalPlaytime

        if faintDisplay:
            if totalPlaytime - faintSwatterBeginTime < 2.0:
                gameDisplay.blit(faintSwatter,(xSwatter,ySwatter))
            else:
                faintDisplay = False
                solidDisplay = True
                solidSwatterBeginTime = totalPlaytime

        if solidDisplay:
            if totalPlaytime - solidSwatterBeginTime < 0.5:
                gameDisplay.blit(realswatter, (xSwatter,ySwatter))
                if ((x+80 > xSwatter) and (x < xSwatter+400) and (y+80 > ySwatter) and (y < ySwatter+510)):
                    crashed = True
                    gameExit = True
            else:
                solidDisplay = False
                faintDisplay = True
                choosenCoords = False
        #changes end

        pygame.display.update()

        if x > display_width - fly_width or x < 0:
            gameExit = True

        if y > display_height - fly_width or y < 0:
            gameExit = True

        #pygame.display.update()

        #changes
        milliseconds = clock.tick(60)
        totalPlaytime += milliseconds/1000.0


gameloop()
pygame.quit()
quit()

我也是初学者..请原谅我这样详细的代码。我所做的改变是：增加时间计算，在一定程度上使更平坦的透明，增加碰撞功能（你也可以使用colliderect），添加算法让微弱的苍蝇拍停留2秒，固体拍摄0.5秒。

Answer 2

我使用timer变量并从中减去dt（增量时间 - 自上次clock.tick调用以来的时间）以进行倒计时。在下面的示例中，我为当前选定的图像使用变量（swatterImg）。首先将swatterImg设置为微弱的，然后如果定时器介于0和1.5s之间，我将其设置为realswatter图像并执行碰撞检测，如果定时器低于0s，则重置计时器和图像，并为苍蝇拍生成新的位置。 fly和swatter是pygame.Rect，用于存储位置，也用于碰撞检测。在绘图阶段，您只需将飞行图像和当前的苍蝇形图像在各自的位置进行blit即可。 （我已经删除了自动退出游戏的代码，因为这不是示例所必需的，而且对用户来说很烦人。）

import sys
import random
import pygame as pg


pg.init()

displayrect = pg.Rect(0, 0, 800, 600)
gameDisplay = pg.display.set_mode(displayrect.size)
pg.display.set_caption('Fly Dodger')
clock = pg.time.Clock()

flyImg = pg.Surface((80, 80))
flyImg.fill((220, 120, 20))
faintSwatter = pg.Surface((400, 510))
faintSwatter.fill((220, 250, 120))
faintSwatter.set_alpha(128)
realswatter = pg.Surface((400, 510))
realswatter.fill((220, 250, 120))


def gameloop():
    fly = pg.Rect(100, 150, 70, 70)
    x_change = 0
    y_change = 0

    swatter = pg.Rect(90, 50, 400, 510)
    swatter_timer = 3
    swatterImg = faintSwatter # Current swatter image.

    dt = 0
    gameExit = False

    while not gameExit:
        for event in pg.event.get():
            if event.type == pg.QUIT:
                gameExit = True
            if event.type == pg.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pg.K_LEFT:
                    x_change = -5
                elif event.key == pg.K_RIGHT:
                    x_change = 5
                elif event.key == pg.K_UP:
                    y_change = -5
                elif event.key == pg.K_DOWN:
                    y_change = 5
            if event.type == pg.KEYUP:
                if event.key == pg.K_LEFT or event.key == pg.K_RIGHT:
                    x_change = 0
                elif event.key == pg.K_UP or event.key == pg.K_DOWN:
                    y_change = 0

        fly.x += x_change
        fly.y += y_change

        swatter_timer -= dt
        # If the timer is below 1.5s and above 0s, change the current
        # image and check for collisions with the swatter rect.
        if 0 < swatter_timer < 1.5:
            swatterImg = realswatter  # Change current image.
            if fly.colliderect(swatter):
                print('Collision!')
        # If timer is below 0s, reset timer and image and get a new pos.
        elif swatter_timer <= 0:
            swatterImg = faintSwatter  # Reset current image.
            swatter_timer = 3
            swatter.topleft = (random.randrange(displayrect.w-400),
                               random.randrange(displayrect.h-510))

        # Draw everything.
        gameDisplay.fill((30, 30, 30))
        gameDisplay.blit(flyImg, fly)
        gameDisplay.blit(swatterImg, swatter)

        pg.display.update()
        dt = clock.tick(60) / 1000

if __name__ == '__main__':
    gameloop()
    pg.quit()
    sys.exit()