Question

我正在开发一个Django项目，该项目有3个应用程序，即客户，投资和股票。每个客户可以拥有多个投资和股票，但不能相反。到目前为止，一切都在应用程序的管理员端很好地工作。我可以作为管理员CRUD，但我的目标是有3个单独的用户级别 - 客户，顾问和管理员（这工作正常！）。客户只能查看他/她的个人资料，投资和与之相关的股票。顾问可以查看多个客户及其投资组合的信息。我想我可以通过不同的身份验证级别/限制来区分它们。这些是我的文件，

这是我的客户模式，

    from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
from django.contrib.auth.models import User


class Customer(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    address = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    cust_number = models.AutoField(max_length=5, primary_key=True)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    state = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    zipcode = models.CharField(max_length=10)
    email = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    home_phone = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    cell_phone = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    created_date = models.DateTimeField(
        default=timezone.now)
    updated_date = models.DateTimeField(
        blank=True, null=True)

    def created(self):
        self.created_date = timezone.now()
        self.save()

    def updated(self):
        self.updated_date = timezone.now()
        self.save()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

这是我的投资模式，

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
from django.contrib.auth.models import User


class Investment(models.Model):
    category = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    description = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    cust_number = models.ForeignKey('customers.Customer')
    acquired_value = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2)
    acquired_date = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
    recent_value = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2)
    recent_date = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now, blank=True, null=True)

    def created(self):
        self.acquired_date = timezone.now()
        self.save()

    def updated(self):
        self.recent_date = timezone.now()
        self.save()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.category

这是我的股票模型，

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
from django.contrib.auth.models import User


class Stock(models.Model):
    symbol = models.CharField(max_length=10)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    shares = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    cust_number = models.ForeignKey('customers.Customer')
    purchase_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2)
    recent_date = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now, blank=True, null=True)

    def created(self):
        self.recent_date = timezone.now()
        self.save()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

这是我在客户应用中的views.py虽然有投资和股票的单独视图，但我在customers / views.py中定义了相同的类，因此它在单个视图中呈现。

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.utils import timezone
from .models import Customer
from investments.models import Investment
from stocks.models import Stock


def customer(request):
    customers = Customer.objects.filter(created_date__lte=timezone.now())
    return render(request, 'customers/customer.html', {'customers': customers})


def investment(request):
    investments = Investment.objects.filter(created_date__lte=timezone.now())
    return render(request, 'customers/customer.html', {'investments': investments})


def stock(request):
    stocks = Stock.objects.filter(created_date__lte=timezone.now())
    return render(request, 'customers/customer.html', {'stocks': stocks})

我正在尝试在单个html页面上呈现这样的视图，

这是我的customer.html模板

{% load staticfiles %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">
<link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lobster&subset=latin,latin-ext" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">

<html lang="en">

<head>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/customers.css' %}">
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Eagle Financial Services</title>
</head>

<body>
  <div class="container">
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col-md-10 col-md-offset-1">
        <div class="panel panel-primary">
          <div class="panel-heading">Welcome!</div>
          <div class="panel-body">
            ABC Financial Services, your Financial Services Partner.
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row">
    <h2 style="padding-left: 15Px">Customer Information</h2>
  </div>
  <div>
    <table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover">
      <thead>
        <tr class="bg-info">
          <th>Customer ID</th>
          <th>Name</th>
          <th>Address</th>
          <th>City</th>
          <th>State</th>
          <th>Zip</th>
          <th>Primary Email</th>
          <th>Home Phone</th>
          <th>Cell Phone</th>
          <th colspan="3">Actions</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        {% for customer in customers %}
        <tr>
          <td>{{ customer.cust_number }}</td>
          <td>{{ customer.name }}</td>
          <td>{{ customer.address }}</td>
          <td>{{ customer.city }}</td>
          <td>{{ customer.state }}</td>
          <td>{{ customer.zipcode }}</td>
          <td>{{ customer.email }}</td>
          <td>{{ customer.home_phone }}</td>
          <td>{{ customer.cell_phone }}</td>
          <td><a href="{{ customers.customer }}" class="btn btn-primary">Read</a></td>
        </tr>
        {% endfor %}
      </tbody>
    </table>
  </div>

  <div class="row">
    <h2 style="padding-left: 15Px">Investments Information</h2>
  </div>
  <div>
    <table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover">
      <thead>
        <tr class="bg-info">
          <th>Customer ID</th>
          <th>Name</th>
          <th>Category</th>
          <th>Description</th>
          <th>Acquired Value</th>
          <th>Acquired Date</th>
          <th>Recent Value</th>
          <th>Recent Date</th>
          <th colspan="3">Actions</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        {% for customer in customers %}
        <tr>
          <td>{{ customer.cust_number }}</td>
          <td>{{ customer.name }}</td>
          {% for investment in investments %}
          <td>{{ investment.category }}</td>
          <td>{{ investment.description }}</td>
          <td>{{ investment.acquired_value }}</td>
          <td>{{ investment.acquired_date }}</td>
          <td>{{ investment.recent_value }}</td>
          <td>{{ investment.recent_date }}</td>
          {% endfor %} {% endfor %}

      </tbody>
    </table>
  </div>

  <div class="row">
    <h2 style="padding-left: 15Px">Stocks Information</h2>
  </div>
  <div>
    <table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover">
      <thead>
        <tr class="bg-info">
          <th>Symbol</th>
          <th>Name</th>
          <th>Shares</th>
          <th>Cust_Number</th>
          <th>Purchase Price</th>
          <th>Recent Date</th>
          <th colspan="3">Actions</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        {% for stock in stocks %}
        <tr>
          <td>{{ stock.symbol }}</td>
          <td>{{ stock.name }}</td>
          <td>{{ stock.shares }}</td>
          <td>{{ stock.cust_number }}</td>
          <td>{{ stock.purchase_price }}</td>
          <td>{{ stock.recent_date }}</td>
        </tr>
        {% endfor %}
      </tbody>
    </table>
  </div>

</body>

</html>

这是projectname.url

from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'', include('customers.urls')),
    url(r'', include('investments.urls')),
    url(r'', include('stocks.urls')),
]

这是customers.url

`from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', views.customer, name='customer'),
]`

投资和股票类似于customer.urls，除了名称。

现在在网页上，只显示了客户表中的值，而在投资表中，只显示了cust_number和名称，而在库存中没有显示任何内容。我在过去的3天里尝试了几乎所有的试验/错误。我很困惑。我错了。任何指导将受到高度赞赏。感谢。

我正在使用Python - 3.6，Django - 1.11.1。

Answer 1

在您的模板中，您尝试迭代三个不同的模板变量，通过dict传递到render，这些变量由三个不同的视图提供服务。为什么在使用特定的其中一个视图时，如果您未将此变量传递给模板以供服务器呈现，然后将其显示给客户端，为什么还要渲染所有这些视图？

您在投资表中获取某些数据（向客户引用数据）的唯一原因是，它从外部（包含）forloop引用客户对象上的数据，迭代您传入的客户对象。< / p>

特别是您正在服务：

def customer(request):

    customers = Customer.objects.filter(created_date__lte=timezone.now())
    return render(request, 'customers/customer.html', {'customers': customers})

作为主视图'^$'，其中包含客户对象列表作为模板变量customers，用于呈现{% for customer in curstomers %}循环中的数据

替代方法：

除非有什么东西阻止你将模式更改为此...我不明白为什么会这样。您可以只将一个ForeignKey添加到股票和投资中，以表示特定客户的股票和投资，而不是让您的数据尽可能稀疏（尽管......偶尔也是一件好事）。

示例：

class Customer(models.Model):

    ...
    created = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
    **updated = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)**
    stock = models.ForeignKey(Stock, related_name="stocks")
    investment = models.ForeignKey(Investment, related_name="investments")

<强>的变化：

您可以在实例上将这些引用为customer.stock_set.(filter / all etc)。同样适用于投资，或者您可以使用相关名称customer.stocks。此外，如果您愿意，也可以使用prefetch_related。

注意更新后的auto_now_add=True您可以将其用于时间戳，而不是手动更新它们，因为它会将时间更改为在模型实例的每次连续保存中保存的时间。

摆脱股票和投资的外键。

其他：

为什么客户没有OneToOneField引用用户模型实例来定义代表客户的自定义用户模型？

Answer 2

您遇到此问题的原因是views.customer仅传递客户信息，而不传递股票等其他变量。所以在customer/views.py：

def customer(request):
    customers = Customer.objects.filter(created_date__lte=timezone.now())
    investments = Investment.objects.filter(created_date__lte=timezone.now())
    stocks = Stock.objects.filter(created_date__lte=timezone.now())
    return render(request, 'customers/customer.html', {'customers': customers, 'stocks': stock, 'investments', investments})

具有多个应用程序的新手 - Django项目 - 无法呈现视图

2 个答案: