如果值为true,如何返回哈希键?

时间:2017-06-09 19:08:10

标签: ruby-on-rails ruby hash

给出哈希

  PLATFORMS = {
      :mac => /(mac)|(macintosh)/i,
      :win => /(win)|(windows)/i,
      :ipad => /(ipad)/i,
      :iphone => /(iphone)/i,
      :ipod => /(ipod)|(ipod touch)/i
  }

我对返回哈希键感兴趣,其中值(在这种情况下是正则表达式)返回true。

因此,如果给我一串"windows",我应该返回密钥:win

到目前为止,我的尝试是:

current_platform = BrowserExperience::ExperienceKeeper::PLATFORMS.detect do |platform, regex|        
   regex.match(user_agent_obj.platform)
end[0]

返回[:win,/(win)|(windows)/i]

然而,这只返回一个数组,其中索引0返回我想要的键值。有更简单的方法吗?

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

为什么不使用case声明?这是一种更常见的方式:

strings = [
  'this is a Windows box',
  'Welcome to Macintosh',
  'My music is on an iPod',
  'My photos are on an iPod Touch',
  'I read books on an iPad'
]

strings.each do |str|
  os = case str
       when /\b(?:mac|macintosh)\b/i
         :mac 
       when /\b(?:win|windows)\b/i
         :win 
       when /\b(?:ipad)\b/i
         :ipad 
       when /\b(?:iphone)\b/i
         :iphone 
       when /\b(?:ipod|ipod\ touch)\b/i
         :ipod 
       end

  os # => :win, :mac, :ipod, :ipod, :ipad

end

也可以这样做:

PLATFORMS = {
  mac:    /\b(?:mac|macintosh)\b/i,
  win:    /\b(?:win|windows)\b/i,
  ipad:   /\b(?:ipad)\b/i,
  iphone: /\b(?:iphone)\b/i,
  ipod:   /\b(?:ipod|ipod\ touch)\b/i
}

strings.each do |str|

  key = nil

  PLATFORMS.each_pair do |k, v|
    if str =~ v
      key = k
      break
    end
  end 

  key # => :win, :mac, :ipod, :ipod, :ipad

end

或者最好:

strings.each do |str|

  PLATFORMS.find { |k, v| str =~ v }.first # => :win, :mac, :ipod, :ipod, :ipad

end

如果你使用哈希和正则表达式,那么你的模式会更简洁。 \b是一个单词边界,我们告诉Regexp引擎是否匹配子字符串或整个单词:

'machine'[/(?:mac|macintosh)/i]     # => "mac"

VS

'machine'[/\b(?:mac|macintosh)\b/i] # => nil

这里还有一点:

'mac'[/\b(?:mac|macintosh)\b/i]           # => "mac"
'macintosh'[/\b(?:mac|macintosh)\b/i]     # => "macintosh"
'win'[/\b(?:win|windows)\b/i]             # => "win"
'windows'[/\b(?:win|windows)\b/i]         # => "windows"
'ipad'[/\b(?:ipad)\b/i]                   # => "ipad"
'iphone'[/\b(?:iphone)\b/i]               # => "iphone"
'ipod touch'[/\b(?:ipod|ipod\ touch)\b/i] # => "ipod"

我可能会做这样的事情来定义哈希:

require 'regexp_trie'

PLATFORMS = {
  mac:    ['mac', 'macintosh'],
  win:    ['win', 'windows'],
  ipad:   ['ipad'],
  iphone: ['iphone'],
  ipod:   ['ipod', 'ipod touch']
}

然后,我将模式转换为更高效的模式:

PLATFORMS_RE = {}
PLATFORMS.each_pair do |k, v|
  PLATFORMS_RE[k] = /\b(?:#{RegexpTrie.union(v).source})\b/i
end

导致:

PLATFORMS_RE
# => {:mac=>/\b(?:mac(?:intosh)?)\b/i,
#     :win=>/\b(?:win(?:dows)?)\b/i,
#     :ipad=>/\b(?:ipad)\b/i,
#     :iphone=>/\b(?:iphone)\b/i,
#     :ipod=>/\b(?:ipod(?:\ touch)?)\b/i}

然后像以前一样工作:

strings.each do |str|

  PLATFORMS_RE.find { |k, v| str =~ v }.first # => :win, :mac, :ipod, :ipod, :ipad

end

答案 1 :(得分:3)

不是一个很大的改进,但你只能检测键而不是键值对

platform_to_regex = BrowserExperience::ExperienceKeeper::PLATFORMS
current_platform = platform_to_regex.keys.detect do |platform|        
   platform_to_regex[platform].match(user_agent_obj.platform)
end

答案 2 :(得分:2)

对于给定的哈希,我会写下以下内容。

def attempt_match(str)
  PLATFORMS.keys.find { |k| str.match? PLATFORMS[k] }
end

attempt_match 'windows' #=> :win
attempt_match 'DOS' #=> nil

DRYer方法是使用更简单的哈希并动态构造正则表达式(它们都非常相似)。这可以实现如下 1

def attempt_match(h, s)
  sdn = s.downcase
  h.find { |k, _| sdn.match?(/\b#{k}\b/) }&.last
end

h = {"mac"=>:mac, "windows"=>:win, "ipad"=>:ipad, "iphone"=>:iphone, "ipod"=>:ipod}

attempt_match(h, 'windows') #=> :win
attempt_match(h, 'DOD')     #=> :nil
&中的

&.last是Ruby的safe navigation operator,在v2.3中引入。

修改哈希值(例如,添加"linux"=>:linux)是一件简单的事情,而不必担心正确使用正则表达式。

1观察如果“ipod touch”匹配,那么“ipod”也是如此。因此,前者是多余的。

答案 3 :(得分:1)

您可以使用select并使用match检查哪些(或哪些)键值与传递的字符串匹配:

PLATFORMS = {
  mac: /(mac)|(macintosh)/i,
  win: /(win)|(windows)/i,
  ipad: /(ipad)/i,
  iphone: /(iphone)/i,
  ipod: /(ipod)|(ipod touch)/i
}

def match_regex(string)
  PLATFORMS.select{|_,v| string.match(v)}.keys[0]
end

p match_regex('windows')
# => :win