我必须制作一个可以比较2个excel文件或工作表的脚本，如果其中一个单元格不相同，它会告诉我它是哪一个但我不知道如何做到这一点，我看到了另一个像这样的情况，但我没有设法做到这一点你能帮助我吗？ 我的文件是test1.csv和test2.csv
答案 0 :(得分：1)
试试这个。
$file1 = Import-Csv test1.csv
$file2 = Import-Csv test2.csv
Compare-Object $file1 $file2 -property "HeaderProperty" -IncludeEqual
答案 1 :(得分：0)
@Vivek Kumar ：请注意，Compare-Object有一个-SyncWindow参数，默认情况下该值只能提供一部分结果。
绕过此“问题”的一种方法是将-SyncWindow除以2 -ReferenceObject：
$file1 = Import-Csv test1.csv
$file2 = Import-Csv test2.csv
Compare-Object -ReferenceObject $file1 -DifferenceObject $file2 -SyncWindow ($file1.length / 2)
答案 2 :(得分：0)
由于您提到的文件是CSV，因此您可以使用标准PS功能完成所有操作
但是，如果使用Excel（XLSX / XLS）文件，您可能对此库感兴趣：https://github.com/RamblingCookieMonster/PSExcel。只需为Import-CSV切换Import-XLSX。
以下是如何做到这一点的一个非常基本的例子。
<强>代码
function Report-OffendingCell { #NB: doesn't follow good naming conventions
[CmdletBinding()]
param (
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
[long]$ColumnIndex
,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[long]$RowIndex
,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[string]$SheetName
,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$false)]
[string]$Explanation
)
process {
#If you want column letters instead of numbers, use something like Convert-NumberToA1 from https://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/office/Powershell-function-that-88f9f690
#"[{0}]!{1}{2}" -f $SheetName, (Convert-NumberToA1 $ColumnIndex + 1), ($RowIndex + 1)
#I've returned an object instead, since that's more useful for any further PS automation
(New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{
ColumnNo = $ColumnIndex + 1
RowNo = $RowIndex + 1
SheetName = $SheetName
Explanation = $Explanation
})
}
}
function Compare-Tables {
[CmdletBinding()]
param (
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[PSObject[]]$Table1
,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[PSObject[]]$Table2
,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$false)]
[string]$Table1Name = 'Table1'
,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$false)]
[string]$Table2Name = 'Table2'
)
begin {
[long]$t1Cols = ($Table1[0].PSObject.Properties | Measure-Object).Count - 1
[long]$t2Cols = ($Table2[0].PSObject.Properties | Measure-Object).Count - 1
[long]$t1Rows = $Table1.Count - 1
[long]$t2Rows = $Table2.Count - 1
[long]$minCols = [System.Math]::Min($t1Cols, $t2Cols)
[long]$maxCols = [System.Math]::Max($t1Cols, $t2Cols)
[long]$minRows = [System.Math]::Min($t1Rows, $t2Rows)
[long]$maxRows = [System.Math]::Max($t1Rows, $t2Rows)
[string]$offendingColTable = if ($maxCols -eq $t1Cols){$Table1Name}else{$Table2Name}
[string]$offendingRowTable = if ($maxRows -eq $t1Rows){$Table1Name}else{$Table2Name}
write-verbose $offendingColTable
write-verbose $offendingRowTable
write-verbose $maxCols
write-verbose $t1Cols
write-verbose $t2Cols
}
process {
0..$minRows | %{ #loop through each row which is populated in both sheets
[long]$row = $_
0..$minCols |
?{(@($Table1[$row].PSObject.Properties)[$_].Value) -ne (@($Table2[$row].PSObject.Properties)[$_].Value)} |
Report-OffendingCell -RowIndex $row -SheetName $Table2Name -Explanation 'Values differ between sheets!' #sheetname could be Table1 or Table2 here; since the cell exists in both sheets
($minCols + 1)..$maxCols | Report-OffendingCell -RowIndex $row -SheetName $offendingColTable -Explanation 'Entire Column only exists on one sheet!'
}
($minRows + 1)..$maxRows | %{ #for any rows which don't exist in one of the sheets, output that
[long]$row = $_
0..$maxCols | Report-OffendingCell -RowIndex $row -SheetName $offendingRowTable -Explanation 'Entire Row only exists on one sheet!'
}
}
}
$test1 = Import-CSV -Path '.\test1.csv'
$test2 = Import-CSV -Path '.\test2.csv'
Compare-Tables -Table1 $test1 -Table2 $test2 -Table1Name 'test1' -Table2Name 'test2' -Verbose | ft SheetName, ColumnNo, RowNo, Explanation
#just so I don't mess up your session with my mock
if((Get-Command Import-Csv).Source -ne 'Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility') {
Remove-Item 'function:Import-Csv'
}
测试代码
要提供下面的示例输出，您可以使用以下代码。这将使用该函数的模拟版本覆盖Import-CSV函数，该函数只返回固定值数据。真实场景不需要此代码;仅适用于那些没有合适的测试CSV文件且需要试验的人。
#region 'Mocked Standard Functions'
#you don't need this function; this is just to make testing simple
function Import-CSV {
param($Path)
switch ($Path) {
'.\test1.csv' {
@(
@{
'Column A Heading'='Row 1 Cell 1';
'Column B Heading'='Row 1 Cell 2';
'Column C Heading'='Row 1 Cell 3';
'Column D Heading'='Row 1 Cell 4';
}
, @{
'Column A Heading'='Row 2 Cell 1';
'Column B Heading'='Row 2 Cell 2';
'Column C Heading'='Row 2 Cell 3';
'Column D Heading'='Row 2 Cell 4';
}
, @{
'Column A Heading'='Row 3 Cell 1';
'Column B Heading'='Row 3 Cell 2';
'Column C Heading'='Row 3 Cell 3';
'Column D Heading'='Row 3 Cell 4';
}
) | %{(New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property $_)} | select 'Column A Heading', 'Column B Heading', 'Column C Heading', 'Column D Heading' #select needed to ensure columns are returned in the correct order
}
'.\test2.csv' {
@(
@{
'Column Heading 1'='Row 1 Cell 1';
'Column B Heading'='Row 1 Cell 2';
'Column C Heading'='Row 1 Cell 3 difference';
'Column D Heading'='Row 1 Cell 4';
}
, @{
'Column Heading 1'='Row 2 Cell 1';
'Column B Heading'='Row 2 Cell 2';
'Column C Heading'='Row 2 Cell 3';
'Column D Heading'='Row 2 Cell 4';
'Column E Heading'='Row 2 Cell 5 bonus ball!'; #note that though we've not defined on the previous "row", the import function assumes a table, so we'll still have a property on the previous row; only it'll be null
}
) | %{(New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property $_)}| select 'Column Heading 1', 'Column B Heading', 'Column C Heading', 'Column D Heading', 'Column E Heading' #select needed to ensure columns are returned in the correct order
}
default {throw "no dummy data defined for $Path"}
}
}
#endregion 'Mocked Standard Functions'
示例输出
SheetName ColumnNo RowNo Explanation
--------- -------- ----- -----------
test2 3 1 Values differ between sheets!
test2 5 1 Entire Column only exists on one sheet!
test2 5 2 Entire Column only exists on one sheet!
test1 1 3 Entire Row only exists on one sheet!
test1 2 3 Entire Row only exists on one sheet!
test1 3 3 Entire Row only exists on one sheet!
test1 4 3 Entire Row only exists on one sheet!
test1 5 3 Entire Row only exists on one sheet!
答案 3 :(得分：-1)
Function Compare-WorkSheet {
<#
.Synopsis
Compares two worksheets with the same name in different files.
.Description
This command takes two file names, a worksheet name and a name for a key column.
It reads the worksheet from each file and decides the column names.
It builds as hashtable of the key column values and the rows they appear in
It then uses PowerShell's compare object command to compare the sheets (explicity checking all column names which have not been excluded)
For the difference rows it adds the row number for the key of that row - we have to add the key after doing the comparison,
otherwise rows will be considered as different simply because they have different row numbers
We also add the name of the file in which the difference occurs.
If -BackgroundColor is specified the difference rows will be changed to that background.
.Example
Compare-WorkSheet -Referencefile 'Server56.xlsx' -Differencefile 'Server57.xlsx' -WorkSheetName Products -key IdentifyingNumber -ExcludeProperty Install* | format-table
The two workbooks in this example contain the result of redirecting a subset of properties from Get-WmiObject -Class win32_product to Export-Excel
The command compares the "products" pages in the two workbooks, but we don't want to register a differnce if if the software was installed on a
different date or from a different place, so Excluding Install* removes InstallDate and InstallSource.
This data doesn't have a "name" column" so we specify the "IdentifyingNumber" column as the key.
The results will be presented as a table.
.Example
compare-WorkSheet "Server54.xlsx" "Server55.xlsx" -WorkSheetName services -GridView
This time two workbooks contain the result of redirecting Get-WmiObject -Class win32_service to Export-Excel
Here the -Differencefile and -Referencefile parameter switches are assumed , and the default setting for -key ("Name") works for services
This will display the differences between the "services" sheets using a grid view
.Example
Compare-WorkSheet 'Server54.xlsx' 'Server55.xlsx' -WorkSheetName Services -BackgroundColor lightGreen
This version of the command outputs the differences between the "services" pages and also highlights any different rows in the spreadsheet files.
.Example
Compare-WorkSheet 'Server54.xlsx' 'Server55.xlsx' -WorkSheetName Services -BackgroundColor lightGreen -FontColor Red -Show
This builds on the previous example: this time Where two changed rows have the value in the "name" column (the default value for -key),
this version adds highlighting of the changed cells in red; and then opens the Excel file.
.Example
Compare-WorkSheet 'Pester-tests.xlsx' 'Pester-tests.xlsx' -WorkSheetName 'Server1','Server2' -Property "full Description","Executed","Result" -Key "full Description"
This time the reference file and the difference file are the same file and two different sheets are used. Because the tests include the
machine name and time the test was run the command specifies a limited set of columns should be used.
.Example
Compare-WorkSheet 'Server54.xlsx' 'Server55.xlsx' -WorkSheetName general -Startrow 2 -Headername Label,value -Key Label -GridView -ExcludeDifferent
The "General" page has a title and two unlabelled columns with a row forCPU, Memory, Domain, Disk and so on
So the command is instructed to starts at row 2 to skip the title and to name the columns: the first is "label" and the Second "Value";
the label acts as the key. This time we interested the rows which are the same in both sheets,
and the result is displayed using grid view. Note that grid view works best when the number of columns is small.
.Example
Compare-WorkSheet 'Server1.xlsx' 'Server2.xlsx' -WorkSheetName general -Startrow 2 -Headername Label,value -Key Label -BackgroundColor White -Show -AllDataBackgroundColor LightGray
This version of the previous command lightlights all the cells in lightgray and then sets the changed rows back to white; only
the unchanged rows are highlighted
#>
[cmdletbinding(DefaultParameterSetName)]
Param(
#First file to compare
[parameter(Mandatory=$true,Position=0)]
$Referencefile ,
#Second file to compare
[parameter(Mandatory=$true,Position=1)]
$Differencefile ,
#Name(s) of worksheets to compare.
$WorkSheetName = "Sheet1",
#Properties to include in the DIFF - supports wildcards, default is "*"
$Property = "*" ,
#Properties to exclude from the the search - supports wildcards
$ExcludeProperty ,
#Specifies custom property names to use, instead of the values defined in the column headers of the TopRow.
[Parameter(ParameterSetName='B', Mandatory)]
[String[]]$Headername,
#Automatically generate property names (P1, P2, P3, ..) instead of the using the values the top row of the sheet
[Parameter(ParameterSetName='C', Mandatory)]
[switch]$NoHeader,
#The row from where we start to import data, all rows above the StartRow are disregarded. By default this is the first row.
[int]$Startrow = 1,
#If specified, highlights all the cells - so you can make Equal cells one colour, and Diff cells another.
[System.Drawing.Color]$AllDataBackgroundColor,
#If specified, highlights the DIFF rows
[System.Drawing.Color]$BackgroundColor,
#If specified identifies the tabs which contain DIFF rows (ignored if -backgroundColor is omitted)
[System.Drawing.Color]$TabColor,
#Name of a column which is unique and will be used to add a row to the DIFF object, default is "Name"
$Key = "Name" ,
#If specified, highlights the DIFF columns in rows which have the same key.
[System.Drawing.Color]$FontColor,
#If specified opens the Excel workbooks instead of outputting the diff to the console (unless -passthru is also specified)
[Switch]$Show,
#If specified, the command tries to the show the DIFF in a Gridview and not on the console. (unless-Passthru is also specified). This Works best with few columns selected, and requires a key
[switch]$GridView,
#If specified -Passthrough full set of diff data is returned without filtering to the specified properties
[Switch]$PassThru,
#If specified the result will include equal rows as well. By default only different rows are returned
[Switch]$IncludeEqual,
#If Specified the result includes only the rows where both are equal
[Switch]$ExcludeDifferent
)
#if the filenames don't resolve, give up now.
try { $oneFile = ((Resolve-Path -Path $Referencefile -ErrorAction Stop).path -eq (Resolve-Path -Path $Differencefile -ErrorAction Stop).path)}
Catch { Write-Warning -Message "Could not Resolve the filenames." ; return }
#If we have one file , we mush have two different worksheet names. If we have two files we can a single string or two strings.
if ($onefile -and ( ($WorkSheetName.count -ne 2) -or $WorkSheetName[0] -eq $WorkSheetName[1] ) ) {
Write-Warning -Message "If both the Reference and difference file are the same then worksheet name must provide 2 different names"
return
}
if ($WorkSheetName.count -eq 2) {$worksheet1 = $WorkSheetName[0] ; $WorkSheet2 = $WorkSheetName[1]}
elseif ($WorkSheetName -is [string]) {$worksheet1 = $WorkSheet2 = $WorkSheetName}
else {Write-Warning -Message "You must provide either a single worksheet name or two names." ; return }
$params= @{ ErrorAction = [System.Management.Automation.ActionPreference]::Stop }
foreach ($p in @("HeaderName","NoHeader","StartRow")) {if ($PSBoundParameters[$p]) {$params[$p] = $PSBoundParameters[$p]}}
try {
$Sheet1 = Import-Excel -Path $Referencefile -WorksheetName $WorkSheet1 @params
$Sheet2 = Import-Excel -Path $Differencefile -WorksheetName $WorkSheet2 @Params
}
Catch {Write-Warning -Message "Could not read the worksheet from $Referencefile and/or $Differencefile." ; return }
#Get Column headings and create a hash table of Name to column letter.
$headings = $Sheet1[-1].psobject.Properties.name # This preserves the sequence - using get-member would sort them alphabetically!
$headings | ForEach-Object -Begin {$columns = @{} ; $i=65 } -Process {$Columns[$_] = [char]($i ++) }
#Make a list of property headings using the Property (default "*") and ExcludeProperty parameters
if ($Key -eq "Name" -and $NoHeader) {$key = "p1"}
$propList = @()
foreach ($p in $Property) {$propList += ($headings.where({$_ -like $p}) )}
foreach ($p in $ExcludeProperty) {$propList = $propList.where({$_ -notlike $p}) }
if (($headings -contains $key) -and ($propList -notcontains $Key)) {$propList += $Key}
$propList = $propList | Select-Object -Unique
if ($propList.Count -eq 0) {Write-Warning -Message "No Columns are selected with -Property = '$Property' and -excludeProperty = '$ExcludeProperty'." ; return}
#Add RowNumber, Sheetname and file name to every row
$FirstDataRow = $startRow + 1
if ($Headername -or $NoHeader) {$FirstDataRow -- }
$i = $FirstDataRow ; foreach ($row in $Sheet1) {Add-Member -InputObject $row -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "_Row" -Value ($i ++)
Add-Member -InputObject $row -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "_Sheet" -Value $worksheet1
Add-Member -InputObject $row -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "_File" -Value $Referencefile}
$i = $FirstDataRow ; foreach ($row in $Sheet2) {Add-Member -InputObject $row -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "_Row" -Value ($i ++)
Add-Member -InputObject $row -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "_Sheet" -Value $worksheet2
Add-Member -InputObject $row -MemberType NoteProperty -Name "_File" -Value $Differencefile}
if ($ExcludeDifferent -and -not $IncludeEqual) {$IncludeEqual = $true}
#Do the comparison and add file,sheet and row to the result - these are prefixed with "_" to show they are added the addition will fail if the sheet has these properties so split the operations
[PSCustomObject[]]$diff = Compare-Object -ReferenceObject $Sheet1 -DifferenceObject $Sheet2 -Property $propList -PassThru -IncludeEqual:$IncludeEqual -ExcludeDifferent:$ExcludeDifferent |
Sort-Object -Property "_Row","File"
#if BackgroundColor was specified, set it on extra or extra or changed rows
if ($diff -and $BackgroundColor) {
#Differences may only exist in one file. So gather the changes for each file; open the file, update each impacted row in the shee, save the file
$updates = $diff.where({$_.SideIndicator -ne "=="}) | Group-object -Property "_File"
foreach ($file in $updates) {
try {$xl = Open-ExcelPackage -Path $file.name }
catch {Write-warning -Message "Can't open $($file.Name) for writing." ; return}
if ($AllDataBackgroundColor) {
$file.Group._sheet | Sort-Object -Unique | ForEach-Object {
$ws = $xl.Workbook.Worksheets[$_]
if ($headerName) {$range = "A" + $startrow + ":" + $ws.dimension.end.address}
else {$range = "A" + ($startrow + 1) + ":" + $ws.dimension.end.address}
Set-Format -WorkSheet $ws -BackgroundColor $AllDataBackgroundColor -Range $Range
}
}
foreach ($row in $file.group) {
$ws = $xl.Workbook.Worksheets[$row._Sheet]
$range = $ws.Dimension -replace "\d+",$row._row
Set-Format -WorkSheet $ws -Range $range -BackgroundColor $BackgroundColor
}
if ($TabColor) {
foreach ($tab in ($file.group._sheet | Select-Object -Unique)) {
$xl.Workbook.Worksheets[$tab].TabColor = $TabColor
}
}
$xl.save() ; $xl.Stream.Close() ; $xl.Dispose()
}
}
#if font colour was specified, set it on changed properties where the same key appears in both sheets.
if ($diff -and $FontColor -and ($propList -contains $Key) ) {
$updates = $diff.where({$_.SideIndicator -ne "=="}) | Group-object -Property $Key | Where-Object {$_.count -eq 2}
if ($updates) {
$XL1 = Open-ExcelPackage -path $Referencefile
if ($oneFile ) {$xl2 = $xl1}
else {$xl2 = Open-ExcelPackage -path $Differencefile }
foreach ($u in $updates) {
foreach ($p in $propList) {
if($u.Group[0].$p -ne $u.Group[1].$p ) {
Set-Format -WorkSheet $xl1.Workbook.Worksheets[$u.Group[0]._sheet] -Range ($Columns[$p] + $u.Group[0]._Row) -FontColor $FontColor
Set-Format -WorkSheet $xl2.Workbook.Worksheets[$u.Group[1]._sheet] -Range ($Columns[$p] + $u.Group[1]._Row) -FontColor $FontColor
}
}
}
$xl1.Save() ; $xl1.Stream.Close() ; $xl1.Dispose()
if (-not $oneFile) {$xl2.Save() ; $xl2.Stream.Close() ; $xl2.Dispose()}
}
}
elseif ($diff -and $FontColor) {Write-Warning -Message "To match rows to set changed cells, you must specify -Key and it must match one of the included properties." }
#if nothing was found write a message which wont be redirected
if (-not $diff) {Write-Host "Comparison of $Referencefile::$worksheet1 and $Differencefile::$WorkSheet2 returned no results." }
if ($show) {
Start-Process -FilePath $Referencefile
if (-not $oneFile) { Start-Process -FilePath $Differencefile }
if ($GridView) { Write-Warning -Message "-GridView is ignored when -Show is specified" }
}
elseif ($GridView -and $propList -contains $key) {
if ($IncludeEqual -and -not $ExcludeDifferent) {
$GroupedRows = $diff | Group-Object -Property $key
}
else { #to get the right now numbers on the grid we need to have all the rows.
$GroupedRows = Compare-Object -ReferenceObject $Sheet1 -DifferenceObject $Sheet2 -Property $propList -PassThru -IncludeEqual |
Group-Object -Property $key
}
#Additions, deletions and unchanged rows will give a group of 1; changes will give a group of 2 .
#If one sheet has extra rows we can get a single "==" result from compare, but with the row from the reference sheet
#but the row in the other sheet might so we will look up the row number from the key field build a hash table for that
$Sheet2 | ForEach-Object -Begin {$Rowhash = @{} } -Process {$Rowhash[$_.$key] = $_._row }
$ExpandedDiff = ForEach ($g in $GroupedRows) {
#we're going to create a custom object from a hash table. We want the fields to be ordered
$hash = [ordered]@{}
foreach ($result IN $g.Group) {
# if result indicates equal or "in Reference" set the reference side row. If we did that on a previous result keep it. Otherwise set to "blank"
if ($result.sideindicator -ne "=>") {$hash["<Row"] = $result._Row }
elseif (-not $hash["<Row"]) {$hash["<Row"] = "" }
#if we have already set the side, this is the second record, so set side to indicate "changed"
if ($hash.Side) {$hash.side = "<>"} else {$hash["Side"] = $result.sideindicator}
#if result is "in reference" and we don't have a matching "in difference" (meaning a change) the lookup will be blank. Which we want.
$hash[">Row"] = $Rowhash[$g.Name]
#position the key as the next field (only appears once)
$Hash[$key] = $g.Name
#For all the other fields we care about create <=FieldName and/or =>FieldName
foreach ($p in $propList.Where({$_ -ne $key})) {
if ($result.SideIndicator -eq "==") {$hash[("=>$P")] = $hash[("<=$P")] =$result.$P}
else {$hash[($result.SideIndicator+$P)] =$result.$P}
}
}
[Pscustomobject]$hash
}
#Sort by reference row number, and fill in any blanks in the difference-row column
$ExpandedDiff = $ExpandedDiff | Sort-Object -Property "<row"
for ($i = 1; $i -lt $ExpandedDiff.Count; $i++) {if (-not $ExpandedDiff[$i].">row") {$ExpandedDiff[$i].">row" = $ExpandedDiff[$i-1].">row" } }
#Sort by difference row number, and fill in any blanks in the reference-row column
$ExpandedDiff = $ExpandedDiff | Sort-Object -Property ">row"
for ($i = 1; $i -lt $ExpandedDiff.Count; $i++) {if (-not $ExpandedDiff[$i]."<row") {$ExpandedDiff[$i]."<row" = $ExpandedDiff[$i-1]."<row" } }
#if we had to put the equal rows back, take them out; sort, make sure all the columns are present in row 1 so the grid puts them in, and output
if ( $ExcludeDifferent) {$ExpandedDiff = $ExpandedDiff.where({$_.side -eq "=="}) | Sort-Object -Property "<row" ,">row" }
elseif ( $IncludeEqual) {$ExpandedDiff = $ExpandedDiff | Sort-Object -Property "<row" ,">row" }
else {$ExpandedDiff = $ExpandedDiff.where({$_.side -ne "=="}) | Sort-Object -Property "<row" ,">row" }
$ExpandedDiff | Update-FirstObjectProperties | Out-GridView -Title "Comparing $Referencefile::$worksheet1 (<=) with $Differencefile::$WorkSheet2 (=>)"
}
elseif ($GridView ) {Write-Warning -Message "To use -GridView you must specify -Key and it must match one of the included properties." }
elseif (-not $PassThru) {return ($diff | Select-Object -Property (@(@{n="_Side";e={$_.SideIndicator}},"_File" ,"_Sheet","_Row") + $propList))}
if ( $PassThru) {return $diff }
}