Question

我有一个服务说MainService，它的管理员很少用@Autowired进行初始化，而且它使用的是一些外部服务@Autowired。

我的目的是创建单元测试用例，以便我可以与管理员一起访问内存数据库，并且想要模拟外部服务。

现在我面临的问题是，如果我在单元测试中使用@Autowired并使用@Mock作为外部服务，那么它不使用模拟方法，而是使用实际的实现。如果我@InjectMocks那么它不会从repo中选择数据，因为它没有找到管理员的相应依赖关系，如果我一起使用@Autowired和@InjectMocks它仍然不存在能够使用模拟。

像这样的东西

@Service
public class MainService extends AbstractService
{
  @Autowired
  Manager1 manager1;

  @Autowired
  Manager2 manager2;

  @Autowired
  Manager3 manager3;

@Trace(dispatcher = true)
public void mainMethod(int data)
{
 int data1 = manager1.getData(int xyz);\\ getting data from DAO
 int data2 = manager1.getData(int xyz);\\ getting data from DAO
 int data3 = manager1.getData(int xyz);\\ getting data from 
                                        \\External Service
    }

  }

现在我正在编写的测试用例是

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@ActiveProfiles("test")
public class TestClass {

  @InjectMocks
  @Autowired  
  MainService service;

  @Autowired
  RepoForManager1 repoManager1;

  @Autowired
  RepoForManager2 repoManager2;

  @Mock
  Manager3 manager3;

  @Before
  public void initTest()
  {
      MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
      int dataFirst=1;
      int dataSecond =2;
      int dataThird=3;
      int dataForMethod=4;
      repoManager1.save(dataFirst); 
      repoManager2.save(dataSecond);
     }

   @Test
      public void testMethod()
      { 

         Mockito.when(manager3.getData(Mockito.anyInt())).thenReturn(dataThird);
         service.mainMethod(dataForMethod);
       }
 }

这是实际服务的复制，当我调试测试时发现模拟没有被使用，它使用实际的实现，当我从@Autowired删除MainService时它只执行模拟方法。

Answer 1

如果您想使用Mockito，则需要使用TestClass而非@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)注释@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)。

然后@AutoWired TestClass repoManager1中的repoManger2，@Mock。使用@Autowired而不是@ActiveProfiles("test")对其进行注释，因为您想使用Mockito来模拟它们。

我自己没有使用SpringRunner，但是通过快速阅读，我可以看到它主要用于集成测试，你想要加载SpringContext..etc。

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Answer 2

使用构造函数注入，而不是使用字段注入（在类变量上使用@Autowired）。这样，您可以使用一些模拟和一些真正的实现来初始化MainService类。像这样的东西

    @Service
    public class MainService extends AbstractService
    {

      private final Manager1 manager1;

      private final Manager2 manager2;

      private final SomeExternalService externalService;

       @Autowired
       public MainService(Manager1 manager1, Manager2 manager2, SomeExternalService externalService) 

            this.manager1= manager1;
            this.manager2= manager2;
            this.externalService = externalService;
    }
            ........................
   }

从您的测试类中不要使用Autowire MainService。只需Autowire Manager1和Manager2以及为SomeExternalService创建模拟（并初始化它）。然后使用构造函数创建MainService实例。

    public class TestClass {

          MainService service;

          @Autowired
          RepoForManager1 repoManager1;

          @Autowired
          RepoForManager2 repoManager2;

          @Mock
          SomeExternalService externalService;

          @Before
          public void setUp(){
           service = new MainService(repoManager1, repoManager2, externalService);
          }
   }

在创建单元测试用例时无法将@Autowired与@Mock一起使用

2 个答案: