我想在我的Mac上使用virtualenv，我用pip安装它：
pip install virtualenv
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py:194: UserWarning: Disabling all use of wheels due to the use of --build-options / --global-options / --install-options.
cmdoptions.check_install_build_global(options)
Collecting virtualenv
Using cached virtualenv-15.1.0.tar.gz
Skipping bdist_wheel for virtualenv, due to binaries being disabled for it.
Installing collected packages: virtualenv
Running setup.py install for virtualenv ... done
Successfully installed virtualenv
显然，virtualenv没有安装到正确的Python包文件夹中。这是错误：
virtualenv -p python3 --system-site-packages py3
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/bin/virtualenv", line 6, in <module>
from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3019, in <module>
@_call_aside
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3003, in _call_aside
f(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3032, in _initialize_master_working_set
working_set = WorkingSet._build_master()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 655, in _build_master
ws.require(__requires__)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 963, in require
needed = self.resolve(parse_requirements(requirements))
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 849, in resolve
raise DistributionNotFound(req, requirers)
pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: The 'virtualenv==15.1.0' distribution was not found and is required by the application
然后我想我的Mac上有太多的Pythons：
sudo find / -type d -name "*site-packages*"
find: /dev/fd/user: No such file or directory
find: /dev/fd/user: No such file or directory
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages
/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages
/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages
/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/flask/testsuite/test_apps/lib/python2.5/site-packages
/opt/X11/lib/python2.6/site-packages
/private/var/folders/17/y6xv651n50j6gplk57ythm8m0000gn/T/pip-Nexe_V-uninstall/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages
/private/var/folders/17/y6xv651n50j6gplk57ythm8m0000gn/T/pip-PpXcxM-uninstall/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages
/private/var/folders/17/y6xv651n50j6gplk57ythm8m0000gn/T/pip-ROUjc9-uninstall/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages
/Users/user/Downloads/virtualenv-15.0.3/py3/lib/python3.6/site-packages
/Users/user/Library/Enthought/Canopy_64bit/factory-reset-backup/System/lib/python2.7/site-packages
/Users/user/Library/Enthought/Canopy_64bit/factory-reset-backup/User/lib/python2.7/site-packages
/Users/user/Library/Enthought/Canopy_64bit/System/lib/python2.7/site-packages
/Users/user/Library/Enthought/Canopy_64bit/User/lib/python2.7/site-packages
/Users/user/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages
/Users/user/Library/Python/3.6/lib/python/site-packages
/Users/user/py3/lib/python3.6/site-packages
/Users/user/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages
/usr/local/Cellar/numpy/1.11.1/lib/python2.7/site-packages
/usr/local/Cellar/numpy/1.11.1/libexec/nose/lib/python2.7/site-packages
/usr/local/Cellar/numpy/1.12.1/lib/python2.7/site-packages
/usr/local/Cellar/numpy/1.12.1/lib/python3.6/site-packages
/usr/local/Cellar/numpy/1.12.1/libexec/nose/lib/python2.7/site-packages
/usr/local/Cellar/numpy/1.12.1/libexec/nose/lib/python3.6/site-packages
/usr/local/git/lib/python2.7/site-packages
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages
我当前的python指向/usr/local/bin/python，我的pip指向/usr/local/bin/pip。这就是默认点内的内容：
cat /usr/local/bin/pip
#!/usr/local/opt/python/bin/python2.7
# EASY-INSTALL-ENTRY-SCRIPT: 'pip==9.0.1','console_scripts','pip'
__requires__ = 'pip==9.0.1'
import re
import sys
from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw?|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(
load_entry_point('pip==9.0.1', 'console_scripts', 'pip')()
)
我的virtualenv可执行文件是这样的：
cat /usr/local/bin/virtualenv
#!/usr/local/opt/python/bin/python2.7
# EASY-INSTALL-ENTRY-SCRIPT: 'virtualenv==15.1.0','console_scripts','virtualenv'
__requires__ = 'virtualenv==15.1.0'
import re
import sys
from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
if __name__ == '__main__':
sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw?|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(
load_entry_point('virtualenv==15.1.0', 'console_scripts', 'virtualenv')()
)
如何清理我的python安装并将pip和virtualenv安装指向当前的python包文件夹？
BTW，没有pass pip install-option参数，pip install不会将软件包安装到当前默认的python包文件夹。
pip install --install-option="--install-purelib=/python/packages" virtualenv
即使在使用pip3之后，我的python仍然有些奇怪：
$ pip3 install virtualenv
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py:194: UserWarning: Disabling all use of wheels due to the use of --build-options / --global-options / --install-options.
cmdoptions.check_install_build_global(options)
Collecting virtualenv
Using cached virtualenv-15.1.0.tar.gz
Skipping bdist_wheel for virtualenv, due to binaries being disabled for it.
Installing collected packages: virtualenv
Running setup.py install for virtualenv ... done
Successfully installed virtualenv
virtualenv -p python3 --system-site-packages py3
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/bin/virtualenv", line 6, in <module>
from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3019, in <module>
@_call_aside
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3003, in _call_aside
f(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3032, in _initialize_master_working_set
working_set = WorkingSet._build_master()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 655, in _build_master
ws.require(__requires__)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 963, in require
needed = self.resolve(parse_requirements(requirements))
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 849, in resolve
raise DistributionNotFound(req, requirers)
pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: The 'virtualenv==15.1.0' distribution was not found and is required by the application
pip3 install --install-option="--install-purelib=/python/packages" virtualenv
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py:194: UserWarning: Disabling all use of wheels due to the use of --build-options / --global-options / --install-options.
cmdoptions.check_install_build_global(options)
Collecting virtualenv
Using cached virtualenv-15.1.0.tar.gz
Skipping bdist_wheel for virtualenv, due to binaries being disabled for it.
Installing collected packages: virtualenv
Running setup.py install for virtualenv ... error
Complete output from command /usr/local/opt/python3/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/private/var/folders/17/y6xv651n50j6gplk57ythm8m0000gn/T/pip-build-mvjkq8ur/virtualenv/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /var/folders/17/y6xv651n50j6gplk57ythm8m0000gn/T/pip-y9p6_ro7-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-purelib=/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages --install-purelib=/python/packages:
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib
copying virtualenv.py -> build/lib
creating build/lib/virtualenv_support
copying virtualenv_support/__init__.py -> build/lib/virtualenv_support
copying virtualenv_support/argparse-1.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl -> build/lib/virtualenv_support
copying virtualenv_support/pip-9.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl -> build/lib/virtualenv_support
copying virtualenv_support/setuptools-28.8.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl -> build/lib/virtualenv_support
copying virtualenv_support/wheel-0.29.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl -> build/lib/virtualenv_support
running install_lib
byte-compiling /python/packages/virtualenv.py to virtualenv.cpython-36.pyc
error: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/python/packages/__pycache__'
----------------------------------------
Command "/usr/local/opt/python3/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/private/var/folders/17/y6xv651n50j6gplk57ythm8m0000gn/T/pip-build-mvjkq8ur/virtualenv/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /var/folders/17/y6xv651n50j6gplk57ythm8m0000gn/T/pip-y9p6_ro7-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-purelib=/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages --install-purelib=/python/packages" failed with error code 1 in /private/var/folders/17/y6xv651n50j6gplk57ythm8m0000gn/T/pip-build-mvjkq8ur/virtualenv/
sudo pip3 install --install-option="--install-purelib=/python/packages" virtualenv
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py:194: UserWarning: Disabling all use of wheels due to the use of --build-options / --global-options / --install-options.
cmdoptions.check_install_build_global(options)
The directory '/Users/yong/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
The directory '/Users/yong/Library/Caches/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
Collecting virtualenv
Downloading virtualenv-15.1.0.tar.gz (1.9MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.9MB 824kB/s
Installing collected packages: virtualenv
Running setup.py install for virtualenv ... done
Successfully installed virtualenv
virtualenv -p python3 --system-site-packages py3
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/bin/virtualenv", line 6, in <module>
from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3019, in <module>
@_call_aside
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3003, in _call_aside
f(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3032, in _initialize_master_working_set
working_set = WorkingSet._build_master()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 655, in _build_master
ws.require(__requires__)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 963, in require
needed = self.resolve(parse_requirements(requirements))
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 849, in resolve
raise DistributionNotFound(req, requirers)
pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: The 'virtualenv==15.1.0' distribution was not found and is required by the application
ls /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/
__pycache__ pip pkg_resources setuptools-32.2.0-py3.6.egg-info wheel
easy_install.py pip-9.0.1-py3.6.egg-info setuptools sitecustomize.py wheel-0.29.0-py3.6.egg-info
ls /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages
Flask_MongoRest-0.1.1-py2.7.egg colorclass-2.2.0-py2.7.egg-info idna pyparsing-2.2.0-py2.7.egg-info terminaltables-3.1.0-py2.7.egg-info
Flask_Views-0.2.1-py2.7.egg colorclass-2.2.0-py3.6.egg-info idna-2.5-py2.7.egg-info pyparsing-2.2.0-py3.6.egg-info terminaltables-3.1.0-py3.6.egg-info
Flask_WTF-0.9.5-py2.7.egg coverage-3.7.1-py2.7.egg idna-2.5-py3.6.egg-info pyparsing.py textblob
IPython dateutil jinja2 pyparsing.pyc twisted
Pygments-1.6-py2.7.egg django lxml python_dateutil-2.6.0-py2.7.egg-info urllib3
WTForms-1.0.5-py2.7.egg docopt-0.6.2-py2.7.egg-info mongoengine queuelib urllib3-1.21.1-py2.7.egg-info
__pycache__ docopt-0.6.2-py3.6.egg-info mysql-0.0.1-py2.7.egg-info requests urllib3-1.21.1-py3.6.egg-info
awscli-1.9.12-py2.7.egg docopt.py nameparser requests-2.17.3-py2.7.egg-info virtualenv-15.1.0-py2.7.egg-info
boto docopt.pyc nltk requests-2.17.3-py3.6.egg-info virtualenv-15.1.0-py3.6.egg-info
bs4 docutils nose scrapy virtualenv.py
cerberus eve nose-1.3.1-py2.7.egg simplejson virtualenv.pyc
certifi events packaging six-1.10.0-py2.7.egg-info virtualenv_support
certifi-2017.4.17-py2.7.egg-info flask packaging-16.8-py2.7.egg-info six-1.10.0-py3.6.egg-info werkzeug
certifi-2017.4.17-py3.6.egg-info flask_cuddlyrest packaging-16.8-py3.6.egg-info six.py wtforms
chardet flask_mongoengine pandas six.pyc zmq
chardet-3.0.3-py2.7.egg-info flask_mongoengine-0.7.0-py2.7.egg pattern sklearn
chardet-3.0.3-py3.6.egg-info flask_restful pip_upgrader sphinx
cleancat-0.3-py2.7.egg flask_views pip_upgrader-1.4.0-py2.7.egg-info tablib
colorclass flask_wtf pip_upgrader-1.4.0-py3.6.egg-info terminaltables
我不得不将文件复制到python 3.6以使其正常工作。
cp -R /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/virtualenv-15.1.0-py3.6.egg-info /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/
cp -R /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/virtualenv.pyc /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/
cp -R /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/virtualenv.py /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/
答案 0 :(得分：3)
您正在python2.7上安装软件包，但随后在python3上检查其可用性!!
当您安装多个版本的python时，通常它也会附带它自己的pip版本。 例如python3也将安装pip3。 在下面的目录中查找它，所以： /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.4/bin/pip3.4
在我的机器上，我还有一个pip3，它指向我机器上安装的最新版本的python3（在我的例子中是python3.4）。
然后你只需：
pip3 install <yourpackage>