我正在开展一个涉及驾驶1.44＆＃34;使用Raspberry Pi的TFT显示器。显示为：https://www.adafruit.com/product/2088
RPi是RPi2 Mobel B V1.1
我用来驱动显示器的图书馆在这里：
https://github.com/cskau/Python_ST7735
我的引脚连线如下：
===== DISPLAY ===== == GPIO ==
LITE (BACKLIGHT) not used
CCS (SD chip select) not used
SCK (SCLK) pin 23 (GPIO 11)
SI (MOSI) pin 19 (GPIO 10)
SO (MISO) pin 21 (GPIO 9)
TCS (TFT chipselect) pin 24 (GPIO 8)
RST (RESET) pin 22 (GPIO 25)
D/C (data/command) pin 18 (GPIO 24)
GND (GND) GND (pin 6)
3v3 (3.3v in) not used
VCC (VCC) 5v
截至目前，我的代码非常简单，只是修改了库附带的示例：
from PIL import Image
import ST7735 as TFT
import Adafruit_GPIO as GPIO
import Adafruit_GPIO.SPI as SPI
import time
import os
WIDTH = 128
HEIGHT = 128
SPEED_HZ = 32000000
# Raspberry Pi configuration.
DC = 24
RST = 25
SPI_PORT = 0
SPI_DEVICE = 0
# Create TFT LCD display class.
disp = TFT.ST7735(
DC,
rst=RST,
spi=SPI.SpiDev(
SPI_PORT,
SPI_DEVICE,
max_speed_hz=SPEED_HZ))
# Initialize display.
disp.begin()
image =Image.open('image1.GIF')
try:
while 1:
image.seek(image.tell()+1)
disp.display(image)
if(image.tell()==242):
image.seek(0)
time.sleep(2)
except EOFError:
pass
这是库代码：
import numbers
import time
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image
from PIL import ImageDraw
import Adafruit_GPIO as GPIO
import Adafruit_GPIO.SPI as SPI
# SPI_CLOCK_HZ = 64000000 # 64 MHz
SPI_CLOCK_HZ = 32000000 # 32 MHz
# Constants for interacting with display registers.
ST7735_TFTWIDTH = 128
ST7735_TFTHEIGHT = 160
ST7735_NOP = 0x00
ST7735_SWRESET = 0x01
ST7735_RDDID = 0x04
ST7735_RDDST = 0x09
ST7735_SLPIN = 0x10
ST7735_SLPOUT = 0x11
ST7735_PTLON = 0x12
ST7735_NORON = 0x13
# ILI9341_RDMODE = 0x0A
# ILI9341_RDMADCTL = 0x0B
# ILI9341_RDPIXFMT = 0x0C
# ILI9341_RDIMGFMT = 0x0A
# ILI9341_RDSELFDIAG = 0x0F
ST7735_INVOFF = 0x20
ST7735_INVON = 0x21
# ILI9341_GAMMASET = 0x26
ST7735_DISPOFF = 0x28
ST7735_DISPON = 0x29
ST7735_CASET = 0x2A
ST7735_RASET = 0x2B
ST7735_RAMWR = 0x2C
ST7735_RAMRD = 0x2E
ST7735_PTLAR = 0x30
ST7735_MADCTL = 0x36
# ST7735_PIXFMT = 0x3A
ST7735_COLMOD = 0x3A
ST7735_FRMCTR1 = 0xB1
ST7735_FRMCTR2 = 0xB2
ST7735_FRMCTR3 = 0xB3
ST7735_INVCTR = 0xB4
# ILI9341_DFUNCTR = 0xB6
ST7735_DISSET5 = 0xB6
ST7735_PWCTR1 = 0xC0
ST7735_PWCTR2 = 0xC1
ST7735_PWCTR3 = 0xC2
ST7735_PWCTR4 = 0xC3
ST7735_PWCTR5 = 0xC4
ST7735_VMCTR1 = 0xC5
# ILI9341_VMCTR2 = 0xC7
ST7735_RDID1 = 0xDA
ST7735_RDID2 = 0xDB
ST7735_RDID3 = 0xDC
ST7735_RDID4 = 0xDD
ST7735_GMCTRP1 = 0xE0
ST7735_GMCTRN1 = 0xE1
ST7735_PWCTR6 = 0xFC
# Colours for convenience
ST7735_BLACK = 0x0000 # 0b 00000 000000 00000
ST7735_BLUE = 0x001F # 0b 00000 000000 11111
ST7735_GREEN = 0x07E0 # 0b 00000 111111 00000
ST7735_RED = 0xF800 # 0b 11111 000000 00000
ST7735_CYAN = 0x07FF # 0b 00000 111111 11111
ST7735_MAGENTA = 0xF81F # 0b 11111 000000 11111
ST7735_YELLOW = 0xFFE0 # 0b 11111 111111 00000
ST7735_WHITE = 0xFFFF # 0b 11111 111111 11111
def color565(r, g, b):
"""Convert red, green, blue components to a 16-bit 565 RGB value. Components
should be values 0 to 255.
"""
return ((r & 0xF8) << 8) | ((g & 0xFC) << 3) | (b >> 3)
def image_to_data(image):
"""Generator function to convert a PIL image to 16-bit 565 RGB bytes."""
# NumPy is much faster at doing this. NumPy code provided by:
# Keith (https://www.blogger.com/profile/02555547344016007163)
pb = np.array(image.convert('RGB')).astype('uint16')
color = ((pb[:,:,0] & 0xF8) << 8) | ((pb[:,:,1] & 0xFC) << 3) | (pb[:,:,2] >> 3)
return np.dstack(((color >> 8) & 0xFF, color & 0xFF)).flatten().tolist()
class ST7735(object):
"""Representation of an ST7735 TFT LCD."""
def __init__(self, dc, spi, rst=None, gpio=None, width=ST7735_TFTWIDTH,
height=ST7735_TFTHEIGHT):
"""Create an instance of the display using SPI communication. Must
provide the GPIO pin number for the D/C pin and the SPI driver. Can
optionally provide the GPIO pin number for the reset pin as the rst
parameter.
"""
self._dc = dc
self._rst = rst
self._spi = spi
self._gpio = gpio
self.width = width
self.height = height
if self._gpio is None:
self._gpio = GPIO.get_platform_gpio()
# Set DC as output.
self._gpio.setup(dc, GPIO.OUT)
# Setup reset as output (if provided).
if rst is not None:
self._gpio.setup(rst, GPIO.OUT)
# Set SPI to mode 0, MSB first.
spi.set_mode(0)
spi.set_bit_order(SPI.MSBFIRST)
spi.set_clock_hz(SPI_CLOCK_HZ)
# Create an image buffer.
self.buffer = Image.new('RGB', (width, height))
def send(self, data, is_data=True, chunk_size=4096):
"""Write a byte or array of bytes to the display. Is_data parameter
controls if byte should be interpreted as display data (True) or command
data (False). Chunk_size is an optional size of bytes to write in a
single SPI transaction, with a default of 4096.
"""
# Set DC low for command, high for data.
self._gpio.output(self._dc, is_data)
# Convert scalar argument to list so either can be passed as parameter.
if isinstance(data, numbers.Number):
data = [data & 0xFF]
# Write data a chunk at a time.
for start in range(0, len(data), chunk_size):
end = min(start+chunk_size, len(data))
self._spi.write(data[start:end])
def command(self, data):
"""Write a byte or array of bytes to the display as command data."""
self.send(data, False)
def data(self, data):
"""Write a byte or array of bytes to the display as display data."""
self.send(data, True)
def reset(self):
"""Reset the display, if reset pin is connected."""
if self._rst is not None:
self._gpio.set_high(self._rst)
time.sleep(0.500)
self._gpio.set_low(self._rst)
time.sleep(0.500)
self._gpio.set_high(self._rst)
time.sleep(0.500)
def _init(self):
# Initialize the display. Broken out as a separate function so it can
# be overridden by other displays in the future.
self.command(ST7735_SWRESET) # Software reset
time.sleep(0.150) # delay 150 ms
self.command(ST7735_SLPOUT) # Out of sleep mode
time.sleep(0.500) # delay 500 ms
self.command(ST7735_FRMCTR1) # Frame rate ctrl - normal mode
self.data(0x01) # Rate = fosc/(1x2+40) * (LINE+2C+2D)
self.data(0x2C)
self.data(0x2D)
self.command(ST7735_FRMCTR2) # Frame rate ctrl - idle mode
self.data(0x01) # Rate = fosc/(1x2+40) * (LINE+2C+2D)
self.data(0x2C)
self.data(0x2D)
self.command(ST7735_FRMCTR3) # Frame rate ctrl - partial mode
self.data(0x01) # Dot inversion mode
self.data(0x2C)
self.data(0x2D)
self.data(0x01) # Line inversion mode
self.data(0x2C)
self.data(0x2D)
self.command(ST7735_INVCTR) # Display inversion ctrl
self.data(0x07) # No inversion
self.command(ST7735_PWCTR1) # Power control
self.data(0xA2)
self.data(0x02) # -4.6V
self.data(0x84) # auto mode
self.command(ST7735_PWCTR2) # Power control
self.data(0x0A) # Opamp current small
self.data(0x00) # Boost frequency
self.command(ST7735_PWCTR4) # Power control
self.data(0x8A) # BCLK/2, Opamp current small & Medium low
self.data(0x2A)
self.command(ST7735_PWCTR5) # Power control
self.data(0x8A)
self.data(0xEE)
self.command(ST7735_VMCTR1) # Power control
self.data(0x0E)
self.command(ST7735_INVOFF) # Don't invert display
self.command(ST7735_MADCTL) # Memory access control (directions)
self.data(0xC8) # row addr/col addr, bottom to top refresh
self.command(ST7735_COLMOD) # set color mode
self.data(0x05) # 16-bit color
#
self.command(ST7735_CASET) # Column addr set
self.data(0x00) # XSTART = 0
self.data(0x00)
self.data(0x00) # XEND = 127
self.data(0x7F)
self.command(ST7735_RASET) # Row addr set
self.data(0x00) # XSTART = 0
self.data(0x00)
self.data(0x00) # XEND = 159
self.data(0x9F)
#
self.command(ST7735_GMCTRP1) # Set Gamma
self.data(0x02)
self.data(0x1c)
self.data(0x07)
self.data(0x12)
self.data(0x37)
self.data(0x32)
self.data(0x29)
self.data(0x2d)
self.data(0x29)
self.data(0x25)
self.data(0x2B)
self.data(0x39)
self.data(0x00)
self.data(0x01)
self.data(0x03)
self.data(0x10)
self.command(ST7735_GMCTRN1) # Set Gamma
self.data(0x03)
self.data(0x1d)
self.data(0x07)
self.data(0x06)
self.data(0x2E)
self.data(0x2C)
self.data(0x29)
self.data(0x2D)
self.data(0x2E)
self.data(0x2E)
self.data(0x37)
self.data(0x3F)
self.data(0x00)
self.data(0x00)
self.data(0x02)
self.data(0x10)
self.command(ST7735_NORON) # Normal display on
time.sleep(0.10) # 10 ms
self.command(ST7735_DISPON) # Display on
time.sleep(0.100) # 100 ms
def begin(self):
"""Initialize the display. Should be called once before other calls that
interact with the display are called.
"""
self.reset()
self._init()
def set_window(self, x0=0, y0=0, x1=None, y1=None):
"""Set the pixel address window for proceeding drawing commands. x0 and
x1 should define the minimum and maximum x pixel bounds. y0 and y1
should define the minimum and maximum y pixel bound. If no parameters
are specified the default will be to update the entire display from 0,0
to width-1,height-1.
"""
if x1 is None:
x1 = self.width-1
if y1 is None:
y1 = self.height-1
self.command(ST7735_CASET) # Column addr set
self.data(x0 >> 8)
self.data(x0) # XSTART
self.data(x1 >> 8)
self.data(x1) # XEND
self.command(ST7735_RASET) # Row addr set
self.data(y0 >> 8)
self.data(y0) # YSTART
self.data(y1 >> 8)
self.data(y1) # YEND
self.command(ST7735_RAMWR) # write to RAM
def display(self, image=None):
"""Write the display buffer or provided image to the hardware. If no
image parameter is provided the display buffer will be written to the
hardware. If an image is provided, it should be RGB format and the
same dimensions as the display hardware.
"""
# By default write the internal buffer to the display.
if image is None:
image = self.buffer
# Set address bounds to entire display.
self.set_window()
# Convert image to array of 16bit 565 RGB data bytes.
# Unfortunate that this copy has to occur, but the SPI byte writing
# function needs to take an array of bytes and PIL doesn't natively
# store images in 16-bit 565 RGB format.
pixelbytes = list(image_to_data(image))
# Write data to hardware.
self.data(pixelbytes)
def clear(self, color=(0,0,0)):
"""Clear the image buffer to the specified RGB color (default black)."""
width, height = self.buffer.size
self.buffer.putdata([color]*(width*height))
def draw(self):
"""Return a PIL ImageDraw instance for 2D drawing on the image buffer."""
return ImageDraw.Draw(self.buffer)
这是我的问题：显示器边缘周围有一个坏像素带，右边2像素宽，底部宽3像素。我已经尝试过修补库（我必须为128 X 160显示器编写）和代码，但是任何时候高度和宽度值从128变为另一个值，图像会变得非常歪斜。如何修改库以使我的显示器上没有死区像素？如果需要，我可以提供显示的图像。
答案 0 :(得分：1)
问题在于硬件是另一个设计糟糕且制造便宜的显示器。我打赌你有一个便士，它有黄色标题针，而不是黑色标题针。
通过实验，你会发现你有一个128x128像素的显示器映射到132x132块的帧存储器。就它的确切位置而言，你会发现128x128显示器向下1像素，向右2，向左2，从帧存储器的边框向上3。
这意味着无论您使用哪种屏幕旋转，都需要为X和Y坐标添加偏移量。如果您使用滚动，也会出现此问题。
用于在所有四个屏幕旋转中告诉您X和Y偏移（全部为正）的简单小数据结构是一种方便的解决方案。滚动需要在数据结构中留出更多空间，但请记住它只能沿一个轴发生。
问题是可以克服的。我两个星期前碰巧遇到了这个问题！