Question

我有一个包含一些必需参数及其值的excel文件，我正在尝试将它们提供给我的类实体的__init__函数。我知道以下内容必须依次为每个值设置self.key，但我应该＆＃34;屏蔽＆＃34;（？）.key？：

class Customer:
    def __init__(self):
        for key, value in zip(excelDF.attribs, excelDF.values):
            if key!=None and value !=None:
                self.key= value

举一个我正在尝试的例子：

excelDF.attribs=['name','telephone']
excelDF.values=['Tom','01234-567890']
customer1=Customer()
print(customer1.name)
print(customer1.telephone)

...给出

Tom
01234-567890

Answer 1

您应该使用setattr：

class Customer:
    def __init__(self):
        for key, value in zip(excelDF.attribs, excelDF.values):
            if key is not None and value is not None:
                setattr(self, key, value)

如果密钥碰巧是无效的Python标识符，则只能通过getattr访问。

用法示例：

keys = ['a', 'b', 'c']
values = [1, 2, 3]

class Customer:
    def __init__(self):
        for key, value in zip(keys, values):
            if key is not None and value is not None:
                setattr(self, key, value)

cust = Customer()
print(cust.a, cust.b, cust.c)
# 1 2 3

Answer 2

使用type定义类的另一种不太传统的方法：

Customer = type("Customer",
                (),
                dict(zip(excelDF.attribs, excelDF.values)))

参考：http://python-course.eu/python3_classes_and_type.php

Answer 3

我想提出两种选择：

#!/usr/bin/env python3


class Customer:
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        self.name = kwargs.get("name")
        self.number = kwargs.get("number")


class Customer2:
    name = ""
    number = ""

    @classmethod
    def from_dict(cls, d):
        o = cls()
        for k in [k for k in vars(cls) if not k.startswith("_")]:
            setattr(o, k, d.get(k))
        return o


keys = ["name", "number", "bla"]
values = ["John", "00109563221", "Blub"]

data = {k: v for k, v in zip(keys, values)}
c1 = Customer(**data)
c2 = Customer2.from_dict(data)

print(c1.name)
print(c2.number)

这里的重点在于构造函数拉动所需的数据，而不是采取所有相关的内容。

洞穴：解决方案2依赖于这样一个事实，即您只需要哑数据对象，其中您感兴趣的唯一字段是已定义的类变量。

如何从字典键/值创建对象属性？

3 个答案: