我一直在玩美味的汤和解析网页几天。我一直在使用一行代码,这些代码在我编写的所有脚本中都是我的救星。代码行是:
1
2
3
4
但是......
我想用(打开带有身份验证的URL)做同样的事情:
r = requests.get('some_url', auth=('my_username', 'my_password')).
我无法打开网址并阅读需要身份验证的网页。 我如何实现这样的目标:
(1) sauce = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read() (1)
(2) soup = bs.BeautifulSoup(sauce,"html.parser") (2)
答案 0 :(得分:12)
您正在使用HTTP Basic Authentication
:
import urllib2, base64
request = urllib2.Request(url)
base64string = base64.b64encode('%s:%s' % (username, password))
request.add_header("Authorization", "Basic %s" % base64string)
result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
因此,您应base64
对用户名和密码进行编码,并将其作为Authorization
标题发送。
答案 1 :(得分:10)
查看官方文档中的HOWTO Fetch Internet Resources Using The urllib Package:
# create a password manager
password_mgr = urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()
# Add the username and password.
# If we knew the realm, we could use it instead of None.
top_level_url = "http://example.com/foo/"
password_mgr.add_password(None, top_level_url, username, password)
handler = urllib.request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_mgr)
# create "opener" (OpenerDirector instance)
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler)
# use the opener to fetch a URL
opener.open(a_url)
# Install the opener.
# Now all calls to urllib.request.urlopen use our opener.
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
答案 2 :(得分:-1)
使用urllib3:
import urllib3
http = urllib3.PoolManager()
myHeaders = urllib3.util.make_headers(basic_auth='my_username:my_password')
http.request('GET', 'http://example.org', headers=myHeaders)