Question

我有一个python任务，需要我做以下事情，

*创建一个程序：*

按姓氏搜索此数据文件以检索并显示联系人的详细信息
按出生日期（dd / mm / yyyy）搜索此数据文件，以检索并显示所有具有特定月份生日的联系人

将新人详细信息添加到文件

file = open ("c:\ABOOK.txt", "r")

myfile = (file.readline())

mywordlist = myfile.split()


mylength= len(mywordlist)# reads how long it is
print(mylength)
count = 0 # counts 
afound = 0 # counts 
s_name = input("Enter a surname to be found:") 
textfile=(file.readlines()) 
print(textfile[0])
mwl = textfile[0].split(",")
mwl1 = textfile[1].split(",")
mwl2 = textfile[2].split(",")
mwl3 = textfile[3].split(",")
mwl4 = textfile[4].split(",")
while(count<len(textfile)):
    print(textfile[count])
    count = count + 1
print(mwl,mwl1,mwl2,mwl3,mwl4)
print(textfile.split(","))

文件被“，”打破了，这是记事本的摘录;它的六条线长。

Jackson,Samantha,2 Heather Row,Basingstoke,RG21 3SD,01256 
135434,23/04/1973,sam.jackson@hotmail.com
Vickers,Jonathan,18 Saville Gardens,Reading,RG3 5FH,01196 
678254,04/02/1965,the_man@btinternet.com
Morris,Sally,The Old Lodge, Hook,RG23 5RD,01256 
728443,19/02/1975,smorris@fgh.co.uk
Cobbly,Harry,345 The High Street,Guildford,GU2 4KJ,01458 
288763,30/03/1960,harry.cobbly@somewhere.org.uk
Khan,Jasmine,36 Hever Avenue,Edenbridge,TN34 4FG,01569 
276524,28/02/1980,jas.khan@hotmail.com
Vickers,Harriet,45 Sage Gardens,Brighton,BN3 2FG,01675 
662554,04/04/1968,harriet.vickers@btinternet.com

Answer 1

以下是程序前两部分的基本解决方案，您可以对此进行大量改进，例如不对文件名进行硬编码，对新行字符进行条带化处理等。（如果您使用了这个确切的代码就会出现问题）不会得到100％）但我会把它作为一项任务给你：

import sys

def find_record_by_surname(input_surname):
    found = False
    with open("ABOOK.txt", "r") as f:
        for line in f:
            surname = line.split(',')[0]
            if surname == input_surname.title():
                found = True
    return found

def return_details_by_surname(input_surname):
    details = []
    with open("ABOOK.txt", "r") as f:
        for line in f:
            details = line.split(',')
            if details[0] == input_surname.title():
                break
    return details

def find_record_by_month_of_birth(input_month):
    if len(input_month) != 2:
        input_month = "0" + input_month
    found = False
    with open("ABOOK.txt", "r") as f:
        for line in f:
            month = line.split(',')[6].split('/')[1]
            if input_month == month:
                found = True
                break
    return found

def return_details_by_month_of_birth(input_month):
    if len(input_month) != 2:
        input_month = "0" + input_month
    details = ""
    with open("ABOOK.txt", "r") as f:
        for line in f:
            if line.split(',')[6].split('/')[1] == input_month:
                details = details + line
    return details

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("Menu Choices")
    print("============")
    print("1: Search contacts by surname")
    print("2: Search contacts by month of birth")
    print("3: Add a new contact to ABOOK.txt")
    print("4: Exit")
    choice = input("Enter your choice: ")
    while choice != "4":
        if choice == "1":
            input_surname = input("Enter a surname you would like the records for from ABOOK.txt? ")
            if find_record_by_surname(input_surname):
                print("The record with the entered surname was found in ABOOK.txt")
                print("The details for that contact are:")
                print(return_details_by_surname(input_surname))
            else:
                print("The record with the entered surname was not found in ABOOK.txt")
        if choice == "2":
            input_month = input("Enter the month of birth (1-12) you would like the records for from ABOOK.txt? ")
            if find_record_by_month_of_birth(input_month):
                print("The details for the contact(s) with the entered month of birth are: ")
                print(return_details_by_month_of_birth(input_month))
            else:
                print("No record with the entered month of birth was found in ABOOK.txt")
        if choice == "3":
            # TO-DO code for adding a new contact
            print()
        print("Menu Choices")
        print("============")
        print("1: Search contacts by surname")
        print("2: Search contacts by month of birth")
        print("3: Add a new contact to ABOOK.txt")
        print("4: Exit")
        choice = input("Enter your choice: ")
    print("Goodbye!")    
    sys.exit(0)

使用的ABOOK.txt文件：

Jackson,Samantha,2 Heather Row,Basingstoke,RG21 3SD,01256135434,23/04/1973,sam.jackson@hotmail.com
Vickers,Jonathan,18 Saville Gardens,Reading,RG3 5FH,01196678254,04/02/1965,the_man@btinternet.com
Morris,Sally,The Old Lodge, Hook,RG23 5RD,01256728443,19/02/1975,smorris@fgh.co.uk
Cobbly,Harry,345 The High Street,Guildford,GU2 4KJ,01458288763,30/03/1960,harry.cobbly@somewhere.org.uk
Khan,Jasmine,36 Hever Avenue,Edenbridge,TN34 4FG,01569276524,28/02/1980,jas.khan@hotmail.com
Vickers,Harriet,45 Sage Gardens,Brighton,BN3 2FG,01675662554,04/04/1968,harriet.vickers@btinternet.com

Answer 2

要分割字符串，请使用

detail_arr = string.split(',')

detail_arr现在将是一个包含所有不同行的数组。

以下是代码中的示例：

>> str =  "Jackson,Samantha,2 Heather Row,Basingstoke,RG21 3SD,01256135434,23/04/1973,sam.jackson@hotmail.com"
>> str.split(',')
['Jackson', 'Samantha', '2 Heather Row', 'Basingstoke', 'RG21 3SD', '01256135434', '23/04/1973', 'sam.jackson@hotmail.com']

每个＆gt;＆gt;是在控制台中执行的一行。

为了添加细节，请将它们添加到您的arr中，然后执行：

str = ''.join(map(lambda x: x + ',', details_arr))[:-1]

Str现在将用逗号分隔你的所有数组，你可以把它写到你的文件中。

在你的代码中，你不想像第3行那样用空格分割数据，而是用逗号分隔。

你也有一段时间没有退出条款，所以你会陷入无限循环。

您的代码应如下所示：

file = open ("c:\ABOOK.txt", "r")

data = file.read()

data_rows = data.split(',') //every 8th row it will start a new entry (7,15,23...)

现在，按姓氏搜索将在第0,7,15行搜索... 按生日进行搜索将在第6,14,22行进行搜索。你可以计算出所有的行。您可以创建一个计数器来查看您正在查看的联系人：

c = 0 //counter of entry
for i in xrange(len(data_rows)/8):
    if data_rows[i+row_number] == val: // row_number depends on what youre trying to match
        print ''.join(data_rows[c:c+8])
    c += 1

现在您可以判断哪个条目符合该值。

用逗号分割文件

2 个答案: