我正在编写一个用于解析OVPN配置文件的小库。 OVPN配置文件具有此格式
command arg1 arg2
othercommand arg1 arg2
有一组固定的命令,其中一些命令具有可选参数。我想将解析的命令表示为枚举。所以上面的结果最终可能就像这样:
enum ConfigDirective{
Command{arg1: String},
OtherCommand{arg1: String, optinal_arg1: Option<String>},
}
fn parse_line(command: String, args: Vec<String>) -> ConfigDirective {
match command {
"command" => ConfigDirective::Command{arg1: args[0]},
"other_command" => ConfigDirective:OtherCommand{arg1: args[0], optional_arg1: args.get(1),
}
}
我喜欢这种结构但是有很多可能的命令(在280的区域内)。所以我想编写一个宏来生成大部分样板文件。理想情况下,我会写以下内容:
define_config_directive!{
{command => "command1", rust_name => CommandOne, args => [arg1], optional_args => []},
{command => "other_command", rust_name => OtherCommand, args => [arg1], optional_args => [optional_arg1]},
}
我能够到目前为止最接近的是:
macro_rules! define_config_directives {
($({
rust_name => $rust_name:ident,
required => [$($required:ident),*],
optional => [$($optional:ident),*]
}),*) => {
#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
pub enum ConfigDirective {
$($rust_name{
$($required: String),*,
$($optional: Option<String>),*,
}),*
}
};
}
所以我有一些问题:
parse_line
函数,我需要迭代每个必需的参数,以便编写一些代码来拉出相应的参数,并且相同的可选参数有没有人知道是否有办法在稳定的生锈中解决这个问题?或者我应该使用python脚本生成代码吗?
答案 0 :(得分:3)
这是一个有点病态的案例。首先,您希望以不同方式处理输入的部分,哪些宏不擅长。更糟糕的是,您希望与生成枚举变体一起执行此操作,这些宏也很糟糕。总而言之,我只能看到一种方法:完全按下一代。
简短版本是:将其分解为简单的匹配步骤,其中每个步骤处理一件事,并将该事物的输出添加到累加器(在这种情况下,$eout
和$pout
)。当您没有输入时,将累加器转储到输出中。
macro_rules! define_config_directive {
// Start rule.
// Note: `$(,)*` is a trick to eat any number of trailing commas.
( $( {$($cmd:tt)*} ),* $(,)*) => {
// This starts the parse, giving the initial state of the output
// (i.e. empty). Note that the commands come after the semicolon.
define_config_directive! { @parse {}, (args){}; $({$($cmd)*},)* }
};
// Termination rule: no more input.
(
@parse
// $eout will be the body of the enum.
{$($eout:tt)*},
// $pout will be the body of the `parse_line` match.
// We pass `args` explicitly to make sure all stages are using the
// *same* `args` (due to identifier hygiene).
($args:ident){$($pout:tt)*};
// See, nothing here?
) => {
#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
enum ConfigDirective {
$($eout)*
}
fn parse_line(command: &str, $args: &[&str]) -> ConfigDirective {
match command {
$($pout)*
_ => panic!("unknown command: {:?}", command)
}
}
};
// Rule for command with no arguments.
(
@parse {$($eout:tt)*}, ($pargs:ident){$($pout:tt)*};
{
command: $sname:expr,
rust_name: $rname:ident,
args: [],
optional_args: [] $(,)*
},
$($tail:tt)*
) => {
define_config_directive! {
@parse
{
$($eout)*
$rname,
},
($pargs){
$($pout)*
$sname => ConfigDirective::$rname,
};
$($tail)*
}
};
// Rule for other commands.
(
@parse {$($eout:tt)*}, ($pargs:ident){$($pout:tt)*};
{
command: $sname:expr,
rust_name: $rname:ident,
args: [$($args:ident),* $(,)*],
optional_args: [$($oargs:ident),* $(,)*] $(,)*
},
$($tail:tt)*
) => {
define_config_directive! {
@parse
{
$($eout)*
$rname { $( $args: String, )* $( $oargs: Option<String>, )* },
},
($pargs){
$($pout)*
$sname => {
// This trickery is because macros can't count with
// regular integers. We'll just use a mutable index
// instead.
let mut i = 0;
$(let $args = $pargs[i].into(); i += 1;)*
$(let $oargs = $pargs.get(i).map(|&s| s.into()); i += 1;)*
let _ = i; // avoid unused assignment warnings.
ConfigDirective::$rname {
$($args: $args,)*
$($oargs: $oargs,)*
}
},
};
$($tail)*
}
};
}
define_config_directive! {
{command: "command1", rust_name: CommandOne, args: [arg1], optional_args: []},
{command: "other_command", rust_name: OtherCommand, args: [arg1], optional_args: [optional_arg1]},
}
fn main() {
println!("{:?}", parse_line("command1", &["foo"]));
println!("{:?}", parse_line("other_command", &["foo"]));
println!("{:?}", parse_line("other_command", &["foo", "bar"]));
}
不,你无法避免累加器的事情,因为宏不能直接扩展到枚举变体。因此,您必须在一个步骤中扩展到整个枚举定义。