我正在处理我的python项目,我从python2.6迁移到python 3.6。所以我不得不用urllib.request(以及.error和.parse)替换urllib2。
但我面临一个我无法解决的问题,这里是......
我想发送一个用JSON编写的请求,如下所示:
import json
import urllib2
data= json.dumps({
"jsonrpc":"2.0",
"method":"user.login",
"params":{
"user":"guest",
"password":"password"
}
"id":1,
"auth":None
})
使用urllib2我没有遇到任何问题,我只需要创建请求:
req=urllib2.Request("http://myurl/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php",data,{'Content-type':'application/json})
发送时间:
response=urllib2.urlopen(req)
并且它很好但是现在使用urllib.request,我遇到了库提出的许多错误。检查我做了什么(请求在'数据'中是相同的):
import json
import urllib.request
data= json.dumps({
"jsonrpc":"2.0",
"method":"user.login",
"params":{
"user":"guest",
"password":"password"
}
"id":1,
"auth":None
})
req = urllib.request.Request("http://myurl/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php",data,{'Content-type':'application/json})
response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
我收到此错误:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<input>", line 1, in <module>
File "/tmp/Python-3.6.1/Lib/urllib/request.py", line 223, in urlopen
return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
File "/tmp/Python-3.6.1/Lib/urllib/request.py", line 524, in open
req = meth(req)
File "/tmp/Python-3.6.1/Lib/urllib/request.py", line 1248, in do_request_
raise TypeError(msg)
TypeError: POST data should be bytes, an iterable of bytes, or a file object. It cannot be of type str.
所以我询问了这一点,并了解到我必须使用函数urllib.parse.urlencode()将我的请求转换为字节,所以我尝试在我的请求中使用它:
import urllib.parse
dataEnc=urllib.parse.urlencode(data)
发生了另一个错误:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/tmp/Python-3.6.1/Lib/urllib/parse.py", line 842, in urlencode
raise TypeError
TypeError
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<input>", line 1, in <module>
File "/tmp/Python-3.6.1/Lib/urllib/parse.py", line 850, in urlencode
"or mapping object").with_traceback(tb)
File "/tmp/Python-3.6.1/Lib/urllib/parse.py", line 842, in urlencode
raise TypeError
TypeError: not a valid non-string sequence or mapping object
我意识到json.dumps(数据)只是将我的数组/字典转换为字符串,这对于urllib.parse.urlencode函数无效,soooooo我从数据中退出了json.dumps并执行了此操作: / p>
import json
import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
data= {
"jsonrpc":"2.0",
"method":"user.login",
"params":{
"user":"guest",
"password":"password"
}
"id":1,
"auth":None
}
dataEnc=urllib.parse.urlencode(data) #this one worked then
req=urllib.request.Request("http://myurl/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php",data,{'Content-type':'application/json})
response = urllib.request.urlopen(req) #and this one too, but it was too beautiful
然后我看了一下回答并得到了这个:
b'{"jsonrpc":"2.0",
"error":{
"code":-32700,
"message":"Parse error",
"data":"Invalid JSON. An error occurred on the server while parsing the JSON text."}
,"id":1}
我想这是因为JSON消息不是json.dumped!
总有一个元素阻止我正确地执行请求,
所以我完全坚持下去,如果你们中的任何一个人有想法或另类,我会很高兴。
最好的问候
Gozu09
答案 0 :(得分:2)
实际上你只需要将你的json数据作为字节序列传递:
data= {
"jsonrpc":"2.0",
"method":"user.login",
"params":{
"user":"guest",
"password":"password"
}
"id":1,
"auth":None
}
req = urllib.request.Request(
"http://myurl/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php",
data=json.dumps(data).encode(), # Encode a string to a bytes sequence
headers={'Content-type':'application/json}
)
POST数据应该是字节,可迭代的字节或文件对象。它不能是str
类型
此错误意味着data
参数应为字节的可迭代。
st = "This is a string"
by = b"This is an iterable of bytes"
by2 = st.encode() # Convert my string to a bytes sequence
st2 = by.decode() # Convert my byte sequence into an UTF-8 string
json.dumps()
返回一个字符串,因此您必须调用json.dumps().encode()
将其转换为字节数组。
顺便说一下,当你想转换一个将作为url参数传递的字符串时,会使用urlencode(即:将空格字符转换为“%20”)。此方法的输出是字符串,而不是字节数组