使用C ++中的MinGW嵌入python3.6会导致

时间：2017-05-24 06:46:46

标签： python c++ cmake mingw

尝试在Win10 64位系统上嵌入C ++中的python3.6。 Python由python-3.6.1-amd64.exe安装。 CMakeList.txt显示在下面

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.8)
project(EmbedPython)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)

set(SOURCE_FILES main.cpp)
find_package(PythonLibs REQUIRED)
include_directories(${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS})
add_executable(EmbedPython ${SOURCE_FILES} ${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS})
target_link_libraries(EmbedPython ${PYTHON_LIBRARIES})

CMake找到了Python包。

PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR C:/Program Files (x86)/Python36/include
PYTHON_LIBRARY C:/Program Files (x86)/Python36/libs/python36.lib

Find a comment on github它正在讨论API问题。

# used to embed python script
find_package(PythonLibs 2.7 REQUIRED) # this has to be 2.7 because the 3.0 API requires argv to be wchar_t** rather than the default char**
include_directories(${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS})
target_link_libraries( assignment ${PYTHON_LIBRARIES})

以下错误就是我所面对的。

[ 50%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/main.cpp.obj
[100%] Linking CXX executable EmbedPython.exe
CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir/objects.a(main.cpp.obj): In function `main':
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:16: undefined reference to `_imp__Py_Initialize'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:17: undefined reference to `_imp__PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:20: undefined reference to `_imp__PyImport_Import'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:24: undefined reference to `_imp__PyObject_GetAttrString'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:27: undefined reference to `_imp__PyCallable_Check'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:28: undefined reference to `_imp__PyTuple_New'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:30: undefined reference to `_imp__PyLong_FromLong'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:38: undefined reference to `_imp__PyTuple_SetItem'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:40: undefined reference to `_imp__PyObject_CallObject'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:43: undefined reference to `_imp__PyLong_AsLong'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:49: undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_Print'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:55: undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_Occurred'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:56: undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_Print'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:63: undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_Print'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:67: undefined reference to `_imp__Py_FinalizeEx'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
mingw32-make.exe[3]: *** [EmbedPython.exe] Error 1
mingw32-make.exe[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/all] Error 2
mingw32-make.exe[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/rule] Error 2
mingw32-make.exe: *** [EmbedPython] Error 2
CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir\build.make:96: recipe for target 'EmbedPython.exe' failed
CMakeFiles\Makefile2:66: recipe for target 'CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/all' failed
CMakeFiles\Makefile2:78: recipe for target 'CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/rule' failed
Makefile:117: recipe for target 'EmbedPython' failed

不确定如何使项目运行。任何帮助都将不胜感激。

修改 来自make VERBOSE=1

的结果 
D:\Projects\EmbedPython\cmake-build-debug>make VERBOSE=1
"C:\Program Files\JetBrains\CLion 172.2273.4\bin\cmake\bin\cmake.exe" -HD:\Projects\EmbedPython -BD:\Projects\EmbedPython\cmake-build-debug --check-build-system CMakeFiles\Makefile.cmake 0
"C:\Program Files\JetBrains\CLion 172.2273.4\bin\cmake\bin\cmake.exe" -E cmake_progress_start D:\Projects\EmbedPython\cmake-build-debug\CMakeFiles D:\Projects\EmbedPython\cmake-build-debug\CMakeFiles\progress.marks
make -f CMakeFiles\Makefile2 all
make[1]: Entering directory 'D:/Projects/EmbedPython/cmake-build-debug'
make -f CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir\build.make CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/depend
make[2]: Entering directory 'D:/Projects/EmbedPython/cmake-build-debug'
"C:\Program Files\JetBrains\CLion 172.2273.4\bin\cmake\bin\cmake.exe" -E cmake_depends "MinGW Makefiles" D:\Projects\EmbedPython D:\Projects\EmbedPython D:\Projects\EmbedPython\cmake-build-debug D:\Projects\EmbedPython\cmake-build-debug D:\Projects\EmbedPython\cmake-build-debug\CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir\DependInfo.cmake --color=
make[2]: Leaving directory 'D:/Projects/EmbedPython/cmake-build-debug'
make -f CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir\build.make CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/build
make[2]: Entering directory 'D:/Projects/EmbedPython/cmake-build-debug'
[ 50%] Linking CXX executable EmbedPython.exe
"C:\Program Files\JetBrains\CLion 172.2273.4\bin\cmake\bin\cmake.exe" -E cmake_link_script CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir\link.txt --verbose=1
"C:\Program Files\JetBrains\CLion 172.2273.4\bin\cmake\bin\cmake.exe" -E remove -f CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir/objects.a
C:\PROGRA~2\MINGW-~1\I686-6~1.0-P\mingw32\bin\ar.exe cr CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir/objects.a @CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir\objects1.rsp
C:\PROGRA~2\MINGW-~1\I686-6~1.0-P\mingw32\bin\G__~1.EXE -g   -Wl,--whole-archive CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir/objects.a -Wl,--no-whole-archive  -o EmbedPython.exe -Wl,--out-implib,libEmbedPython.dll.a -Wl,--major-image-version,0,--minor-image-version,0 @CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir\linklibs.rsp
CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir/objects.a(main.cpp.obj): In function `main':
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:16: undefined reference to `_imp__Py_Initialize'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:17: undefined reference to `_imp__PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:20: undefined reference to `_imp__PyImport_Import'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:24: undefined reference to `_imp__PyObject_GetAttrString'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:27: undefined reference to `_imp__PyCallable_Check'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:28: undefined reference to `_imp__PyTuple_New'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:30: undefined reference to `_imp__PyLong_FromLong'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:38: undefined reference to `_imp__PyTuple_SetItem'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:40: undefined reference to `_imp__PyObject_CallObject'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:43: undefined reference to `_imp__PyLong_AsLong'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:49: undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_Print'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:55: undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_Occurred'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:56: undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_Print'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:63: undefined reference to `_imp__PyErr_Print'
D:/Projects/EmbedPython/main.cpp:67: undefined reference to `_imp__Py_FinalizeEx'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
CMakeFiles\EmbedPython.dir\build.make:97: recipe for target 'EmbedPython.exe' failed
make[2]: *** [EmbedPython.exe] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory 'D:/Projects/EmbedPython/cmake-build-debug'
CMakeFiles\Makefile2:66: recipe for target 'CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/all' failed
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/EmbedPython.dir/all] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory 'D:/Projects/EmbedPython/cmake-build-debug'
Makefile:82: recipe for target 'all' failed
make: *** [all] Error 2

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：1)

在使用Python 3.7尝试从Python手册构建example时，我遇到了完全相同的问题。

我的系统是64位Windows，安装的Python是64位3.7（来自Anaconda3），编译器是32位MinGW 5.3.0（来自Qt 5.11）。

最适合我的解决方案如下：

  • 从Windows x86 embeddable zip file页下载this。
  • 将该存档的内容放入您正在构建的项目内的文件夹中。
  • 不要安装该归档文件中的任何内容，并且不要将其放在系统PATH中。
  • 使用以下命令将以上文件夹添加到gcc库搜索路径：-L"path/to/folder/"
  • 使用-l"python37"将python库添加到链接器中（用您下载的任何版本替换37）
  • 如here（很难找到！）所述，使用-DPy_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN=1添加定义（也可以在#define DPy_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN 1之前写#include -ing Python标头，尽管我不推荐这样做）
  • 使用-I"path/to/include"提供Python标头的路径。我用的是Anaconda的那个-I"c:/Users/user/Anaconda3/include/"。任何已安装的标头都可以，只要确保使用相同版本即可（也可以使用旧版本的标头，但这可能会导致时空连续性破裂）
  • 按照手册中的说明，确保#include <Python.h>在其他任何包含之前。

作为一个附带说明，如果您仅给它提供“ dll”文件，那么多年来，MinGW链接器（ld）绝对是令人满意的。如果您没有一个“ lib”或“ a”，并且仅执行动态链接，则不需要。这就是为什么我只是告诉链接器使用python37。

查找python37.lib，python37.dll和libpython37.a之类的文件实际上smart enough。

还要注意，“嵌入式zip”只是嵌入Python所需的最低要求。

最后，与here所说的相反，只要GCC使用普通的 C 接口，因为该接口几乎是唯一可在任何给定平台的不同编译器之间兼容的东西。

这几乎就是Python使用 C 接口（甚至没有，甚至 C ++ ）扩展和嵌入的确切原因-允许使用以下代码编写代码任何语言，使用任何工具集，以与Python交互。

答案 1 :(得分：0)

我遇到了同样的问题。

可能问题在于使用32位MinGW和64位Python。你应该安装 32位版本的python

希望它对你有用： - ）

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