在Java中生成VAPID密钥并将它们传递给JavaScript PushManager

时间:2017-05-24 05:23:24

标签: java bouncycastle web-push ecdsa vapid

我正在尝试在我的应用中使用网络推送通知和网络推送协议。为了使用带有VAPID的Push API,我需要一个applicationServerKey

PushManager subscribe方法将VAPID密钥(仅限公共密钥)作为参数,并提供订阅终点和推送消息的密钥。

要生成VAPID密钥,我一直在使用node.js(google web-push包)和openssl。但在我的用例中,VAPID密钥应该在Java中生成并传递给JavaScript以从浏览器订阅。

我正在尝试使用Java中的代码来生成VAPID密钥。我能够成功创建密钥但是当我传递生成的公钥(base64编码的字符串)时,subscribe方法返回错误说:

  

无法注册服务人员。 DOMException:无法执行   '订阅' on' PushManager':提供的applicationServerKey不是   有效..

请帮我解决这个问题。下面是我的Java代码:

ECNamedCurveParameterSpec parameterSpec = 
ECNamedCurveTable.getParameterSpec("prime256v1");
KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = 
KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("ECDH", "BC");
keyPairGenerator.initialize(parameterSpec);
KeyPair serverKey = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();

PrivateKey priv = serverKey.getPrivate();
PublicKey pub = serverKey.getPublic();`
System.out.println(Base64.toBase64String(pub.getEncoded()));

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

请参阅以下链接以获取MartijnDwars的答案。 https://github.com/web-push-libs/webpush-java/issues/30

  

您可以使用Utils.savePublicKey来转换您生成的Java   PublicKey为byte []。然后将此byte []传递给   PushManager.subscribe方法。

     

在Java中对base64编码byte []可能更方便   base64解码JavaScript中的字符串。例如,生成之后   Java中的密钥对:

KeyPair keyPair = generateKeyPair();
byte[] publicKey = Utils.savePublicKey((ECPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic());
String publicKeyBase64 = BaseEncoding.base64Url().encode(publicKey);
System.out.println("PublicKey = " + publicKeyBase64);
// PublicKey = BPf36QAqZNNvvnl9kkpTDerXUOt6Nm6P4x9GEvmFVFKgVyCVWy24KUTs6wLQtbV2Ug81utbNnx86_vZzXDyrl88=
     

然后在JavaScript中:

function subscribe() {
    const publicKey = base64UrlToUint8Array('BPf36QAqZNNvvnl9kkpTDerXUOt6Nm6P4x9GEvmFVFKgVyCVWy24KUTs6wLQtbV2Ug81utbNnx86_vZzXDyrl88=');

    navigator.serviceWorker.ready.then(function (serviceWorkerRegistration) {
        serviceWorkerRegistration.pushManager.subscribe({
            userVisibleOnly: true,
            applicationServerKey: publicKey
        })
        .then(function (subscription) {
            return sendSubscriptionToServer(subscription);
        })
        .catch(function (e) {
            if (Notification.permission === 'denied') {
                console.warn('Permission for Notifications was denied');
            } else {
                console.error('Unable to subscribe to push.', e);
            }
        });
    });
}

function base64UrlToUint8Array(base64UrlData) {
    const padding = '='.repeat((4 - base64UrlData.length % 4) % 4);
    const base64 = (base64UrlData + padding)
        .replace(/\-/g, '+')
        .replace(/_/g, '/');

    const rawData = atob(base64);
    const buffer = new Uint8Array(rawData.length);

    for (let i = 0; i < rawData.length; ++i) {
        buffer[i] = rawData.charCodeAt(i);
    }

    return buffer;
}

答案 1 :(得分:1)

花了数小时的时间,我想我将分享从收集几个网站中得出的解决方案,避免使用Bouncy Castle,它会产生很多其他问题。请尝试以下操作:

KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("EC");
ECGenParameterSpec spec = new ECGenParameterSpec("secp256r1");
keyPairGenerator.initialize(spec, new SecureRandom()); 
KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();

ECPublicKey publicKey = (ECPublicKey)   keyPair.getPublic();
ECPoint ecp = publicKey.getW();

byte[] x = ecp.getAffineX().toByteArray();
byte[] y = ecp.getAffineY().toByteArray();
// Convert 04 to bytes
String s= "04";
int len = s.length();
byte[] firstBit = new byte[len / 2];
for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) 
{
    firstBit[i / 2] = (byte) ((Character.digit(s.charAt(i), 16) << 4) + 
Character.digit(s.charAt(i+1), 16));
}

ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream( );
outputStream.write(firstBit);
outputStream.write(x);
outputStream.write(y);


publicKeyBytes = outputStream.toByteArray( );

Base64 encoder = new Base64(-1,null,true);
byte[] encodedBytes = encoder.encode(publicKeyBytes);
String publicKeyBase64 = new String(encodedBytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

答案 2 :(得分:0)

使用bountycastle,您可以使用以下代码生成有效的密钥:

    ECNamedCurveParameterSpec parameterSpec = ECNamedCurveTable.getParameterSpec("prime256v1");
    KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("ECDH", "BC");
    keyPairGenerator.initialize(parameterSpec);
    KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();
    ECPublicKey publicKey = (ECPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
    ECPrivateKey privateKey = (ECPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
    String publicKeyString = Base64.getUrlEncoder().withoutPadding().encodeToString(publicKey.getQ().getEncoded(false));
    System.out.println(publicKeyString);
    String privateKeyString = Base64.getUrlEncoder().withoutPadding().encodeToString(privateKey.getD().toByteArray());
    System.out.println(privateKeyString);