具体子类的通用工厂

时间:2017-05-23 13:47:04

标签: c# generics polymorphism factory covariance

请考虑以下代码:

public interface IEventHandler<in T> where T : IEvent
{
    void Execute(T @event);
}

对于这些处理程序,我实现了一些具体的处理程序子类:

public class SomeEventHandler : IEventHandler<SomeEvent>
{
    public void Execute(SomeEvent @event) { /* ... */ }
}

现在我有一个工厂来检索事件的相应处理程序:

public class EventHandlerFactory : IEventHandlerFactory
{
    public IEventHandler<T> Create<T>(T @event) where T : IEvent
    {
        // What to do in here?
    }
}

我试图检查事件的类型然后返回相应的处理程序,但当然类型系统否认:

if(@event is SomeEvent)
{
    return (IEventHandler<T>) new SomeEventHandler();
}

我不会这么做,但我想知道如何允许代码使Create<T>的接口成为可能。

编辑:当我遍历一大堆事件时,T被视为IEvent,因此类型系统将抛出异常:

var events = IEnumarable<IEvent>() { /* ... */ };

foreach (var @event in events)
{
    var eventHandler = eventHandlerFactory.Create(@event);
}

Create(T @event) - 方法将引发异常,因为T是IEvent而不是具体类型。我可以使用(dynamic) @event来解决它,但这不是我真正想做的事情。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

经典工厂模式。
我喜欢做的事情如下:

public class EventHandlerFactory : IEventHandlerFactory
{
    private readonly Dictionary<Type, Type> _eventHandlers = new Dictionary<Type, Type>();

    public EventHandlerFactory()
    {
        //add a mapping between the type, and the handler
        //note - this could be done with reflection to automate this
        _eventHandlers.Add(typeof(SomeEvent), typeof(SomeEventHandler));
    }

    public IEventHandler<T> Create<T>(T @event) where T : IEvent
    {
        var handler = _eventHandlers[typeof(T)];

        if (handler != null)
        {
            //now use Activator.CreateInstance to instantiate the type
            return (IEventHandler<T>)Activator.CreateInstance(handler);
        }

        throw new Exception("Handler not found");
    }
}

答案 1 :(得分:0)

替代解决方案:

如果您想避免反射,或者您的IEventHandler实现没有默认构造函数:

public interface IEventHandler
{
}

public interface IEventHandler<in T> : IEventHandler where T : IEvent
{
    void Execute(T @event);
}

public class EventHandlerFactory
{
    private static readonly Dictionary<Type, Func<IEventHandler>> _eventHandlers = new Dictionary<Type, Func<IEventHandler>>
    {
        { typeof(SomeEvent), () => new SomeEventHandler() }
    };

    public IEventHandler<T> Create<T>(T @event) where T : IEvent
    {
        Func<IEventHandler> handler;
        if (_eventHandlers.TryGetValue(typeof(T), out handler))
        {
            return (IEventHandler<T>)handler();
        }

        throw new Exception("Handler not found");
    }
}