我正在重写部分应用,并找到了这段代码:
defaults.synchronize()
当CMD点击第synchronize
行时,我发现计划弃用/*!
-synchronize is deprecated and will be marked with the NS_DEPRECATED macro in a future release.
-synchronize blocks the calling thread until all in-progress set operations have completed. This is no longer necessary. Replacements for previous uses of -synchronize depend on what the intent of calling synchronize was. If you synchronized...
- ...before reading in order to fetch updated values: remove the synchronize call
- ...after writing in order to notify another program to read: the other program can use KVO to observe the default without needing to notify
- ...before exiting in a non-app (command line tool, agent, or daemon) process: call CFPreferencesAppSynchronize(kCFPreferencesCurrentApplication)
- ...for any other reason: remove the synchronize call
*/
。这写在代码中:
{{1}}
据我所知,我的用法符合第二种描述:在写完后同步,以便通知其他人。
它建议使用KVO来养卵,但是如何?当我搜索这个时,我发现了一堆稍微旧的Objective-C-examples。观察UserDefaults的最佳做法是什么?
答案 0 :(得分:22)
从iOS 11 + Swift 4开始,推荐的方法(根据SwiftLint)使用基于块的KVO API。
示例:强>
我们说我的用户默认值中存储了一个整数值,它被称为greetingsCount
。
首先,我需要扩展UserDefaults
:
extension UserDefaults {
@objc dynamic var greetingsCount: Int {
return integer(forKey: "greetingsCount")
}
}
这允许我们稍后定义观察的关键路径,如下所示:
var observer: NSKeyValueObservation?
init() {
observer = UserDefaults.standard.observe(\.greetingsCount, options: [.initial, .new], changeHandler: { (defaults, change) in
// your change logic here
})
}
永远不要忘记清理:
deinit {
observer?.invalidate()
}
答案 1 :(得分:6)
来自David Smith的博客 http://dscoder.com/defaults.html https://twitter.com/catfish_man/status/674727133017587712
如果一个进程设置了共享默认值,则通知另一个进程 阅读它,然后你可能处于剩下的极少数情况之一 在-synchronize中调用-synchronize方法很有用 作为一个“障碍”,它提供了一旦它拥有的保证 返回,任何其他读取默认值的进程都会看到新的 价值而不是旧价值。
适用于在iOS 9.3上运行的应用程序 以后/ macOS Sierra和以后,不需要-synchronize(或 建议)即使在这种情况下,自键值观察 默认值现在在进程之间工作,因此读取过程可以正常 直接观察价值变化。结果, 在这些操作系统上运行的应用程序通常不应该 呼叫同步。
因此,在最可能的情况下,您不需要设置为同步调用。它由KVO自动处理。
要执行此操作,您需要在处理persistanceServiceValueChangedNotification
通知的类中添加观察者。假设您正在设置名为“myKey”的密钥
在您的课程中添加观察者可能是viewDidLoad
等
UserDefaults.standard.addObserver(self, forKeyPath: "myKey", options: NSKeyValueObservingOptions.new, context: nil)
处理观察者
override func observeValue(forKeyPath keyPath: String?, of object: Any?, change: [NSKeyValueChangeKey : Any]?, context: UnsafeMutableRawPointer?) {
//do your changes with for key
}
同时删除deinit
答案 2 :(得分:1)
对于以后将要寻找答案的任何人,didChangeNotification
仅在对同一过程进行了更改的情况下发布,并且无论该过程是否使用KVO,您都希望收到所有更新。 / p>
在当前流程之外进行更改或无处不在的默认值更改时,不会发布此通知。您可以使用键值观察为特定的特定键注册观察者,以便将所有更新通知给您,而不管是在当前过程之内还是之外进行更改。
这里是link to demo Xcode project,显示了如何在UserDefaults上设置基于块的KVO。
答案 3 :(得分:0)
使用可重用类型的Swift 4版本:
文件: KeyValueObserver.swift -通用可重复使用的KVO观察器(用于无法使用纯Swift观察值的情况)。
var fieldVal = getObject()
.map(obj -> obj.getNullableField())
.orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalStateException("Object not found!"));
return Optional.ofNullable(fieldVal)
.orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalStateException("Field is not present"));
文件: KeyValueObserverResult.swift –用于保留KVO观测数据的帮助程序类型。
public final class KeyValueObserver<ValueType: Any>: NSObject, Observable {
public typealias ChangeCallback = (KeyValueObserverResult<ValueType>) -> Void
private var context = 0 // Value don't reaaly matter. Only address is important.
private var object: NSObject
private var keyPath: String
private var callback: ChangeCallback
public var isSuspended = false
public init(object: NSObject, keyPath: String, options: NSKeyValueObservingOptions = .new,
callback: @escaping ChangeCallback) {
self.object = object
self.keyPath = keyPath
self.callback = callback
super.init()
object.addObserver(self, forKeyPath: keyPath, options: options, context: &context)
}
deinit {
dispose()
}
public func dispose() {
object.removeObserver(self, forKeyPath: keyPath, context: &context)
}
public static func observeNew<T>(object: NSObject, keyPath: String,
callback: @escaping (T) -> Void) -> Observable {
let observer = KeyValueObserver<T>(object: object, keyPath: keyPath, options: .new) { result in
if let value = result.valueNew {
callback(value)
}
}
return observer
}
public override func observeValue(forKeyPath keyPath: String?, of object: Any?,
change: [NSKeyValueChangeKey: Any]?, context: UnsafeMutableRawPointer?) {
if context == &self.context && keyPath == self.keyPath {
if !isSuspended, let change = change, let result = KeyValueObserverResult<ValueType>(change: change) {
callback(result)
}
} else {
super.observeValue(forKeyPath: keyPath, of: object, change: change, context: context)
}
}
}
文件: Observable.swift -暂停/恢复和处置观察者的协议。
public struct KeyValueObserverResult<T: Any> {
public private(set) var change: [NSKeyValueChangeKey: Any]
public private(set) var kind: NSKeyValueChange
init?(change: [NSKeyValueChangeKey: Any]) {
self.change = change
guard
let changeKindNumberValue = change[.kindKey] as? NSNumber,
let changeKindEnumValue = NSKeyValueChange(rawValue: changeKindNumberValue.uintValue) else {
return nil
}
kind = changeKindEnumValue
}
// MARK: -
public var valueNew: T? {
return change[.newKey] as? T
}
public var valueOld: T? {
return change[.oldKey] as? T
}
var isPrior: Bool {
return (change[.notificationIsPriorKey] as? NSNumber)?.boolValue ?? false
}
var indexes: NSIndexSet? {
return change[.indexesKey] as? NSIndexSet
}
}
文件: UserDefaults.swift -用户默认值的便捷扩展。
public protocol Observable {
var isSuspended: Bool { get set }
func dispose()
}
extension Array where Element == Observable {
public func suspend() {
forEach {
var observer = $0
observer.isSuspended = true
}
}
public func resume() {
forEach {
var observer = $0
observer.isSuspended = false
}
}
}
用法:
extension UserDefaults {
public func observe<T: Any>(key: String, callback: @escaping (T) -> Void) -> Observable {
let result = KeyValueObserver<T>.observeNew(object: self, keyPath: key) {
callback($0)
}
return result
}
public func observeString(key: String, callback: @escaping (String) -> Void) -> Observable {
return observe(key: key, callback: callback)
}
}
从命令行更新默认设置:
class MyClass {
private var observables: [Observable] = []
// IMPORTANT: DON'T use DOT `.` in key.
// DOT `.` used to define `KeyPath` and this is what we don't need here.
private let key = "app-some:test_key"
func setupHandlers() {
observables.append(UserDefaults.standard.observeString(key: key) {
print($0) // Will print `AAA` and then `BBB`.
})
}
func doSomething() {
UserDefaults.standard.set("AAA", forKey: key)
UserDefaults.standard.set("BBB", forKey: key)
}
}
答案 4 :(得分:0)
从 iOS 13 开始,现在有一种更酷的方法来做到这一点,使用结合:
import Foundation
import Combine
extension UserDefaults {
/// Observe UserDefaults for changes at the supplied KeyPath.
///
/// Note: first, extend UserDefaults with an `@objc dynamic` variable
/// to create a KeyPath.
///
/// - Parameters:
/// - keyPath: the KeyPath to observe for changes.
/// - handler: closure to run when/if the value changes.
public func observe<T>(
_ keyPath: KeyPath<UserDefaults, T>,
handler: @escaping (T) -> Void)
{
let subscriber = Subscribers.Sink<T, Never> { _ in }
receiveValue: { newValue in
handler(newValue)
}
self.publisher(for: keyPath, options: [.initial, .new])
.subscribe(subscriber)
}
}