找到类型,is_constructible成立

时间:2017-05-10 20:08:49

标签: c++ c++11 templates template-meta-programming

我正在玩模板,并试图实现以下帮助。

first_constructible<Types..., Args...>::type

将返回可从Types构造的第一类Args...。第一个问题显然是在struct中有两个参数包,所以我改用了

first_constructible<std::tuple<Types...>, Args...>::type

我已经通过将元组类型拆分为第一个和休息来实现它,使用std::is_constructible进行检查并在必要时进行递归。

template<typename T>
struct pop_front_tuple
{
    template<typename U, typename... Us>
    static std::tuple<Us...> impl(std::tuple<U, Us...>);

    using type = decltype(impl(std::declval<T>())); // std::tuple with removed first type
};

template<typename Tuple, typename... Args>
struct first_constructible
{
    using first_type = decltype(std::get<0>(std::declval<Tuple>()));

    using type = typename std::conditional
    <
        std::is_constructible<first_type, Args...>::value,
        first_type,
        typename first_constructible<typename pop_front_tuple<Tuple>::type, Args...>::type
    >::type;
};

// end of recursion
template<typename... Args>
struct first_constructible<std::tuple<>, Args...>
{
    using type = void;
};

但由于某种原因它不起作用。即

first_constructible<std::tuple<std::string, int>, std::string>::type a = ""; // works, a is std::string
first_constructible<std::tuple<std::string, int>>::type a = ""; // fails, error: variable or field 'a' declared void
first_constructible<std::tuple<std::string, int>, std::string::size_type, std::string::value_type> // fails, same error

我不知道我的错误在哪里。 std::is_constructible<std::string>::valuestd::is_constructible<std::string, std::string::size_type, std::string::value_type>::value属实。

Coliru link

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:5)

首先,一些元编程玩具:

template<class Tag>
using type_t = typename Tag::type;
template<class T> struct tag_t{using type=T; constexpr tag_t(){}};
template<class T> constexpr tag_t<T> tag{};

template<class...Tuples>
using cat_tuples = decltype(std::tuple_cat( std::declval<Tuples>()... ));

template<template<class...>class Z, class Tuple, class=void>
struct filter;
template<template<class...>class Z, class Tuple>
using filter_t = type_t<filter<Z,Tuple>>;

template<template<class...>class Z>
struct filter<Z, std::tuple<>,void>:tag_t<std::tuple<>>{};
template<template<class...>class Z, class T0, class...Ts>
struct filter<Z, std::tuple<T0, Ts...>, std::enable_if_t<Z<T0>::value>>:
    tag_t<
        cat_tuples<
            std::tuple<T0>,
            filter_t<Z, std::tuple<Ts...>>
        >
    >
{};
template<template<class...>class Z, class T0, class...Ts>
struct filter<Z, std::tuple<T0, Ts...>, std::enable_if_t<!Z<T0>::value>>:
    filter<Z, std::tuple<Ts...>>
{};

现在我们解决您的问题:

template<class...Args>
struct is_constructible_test {
    template<class T>
    using result=std::is_constructible<T,Args...>;
};

template<class Tuple, class...Args>
using all_constructible_t = filter_t<is_constructible_test<Args...>::template result, Tuple>;

template<class Tuple, class...Args>
using first_constructible = std::tuple_element_t<0, all_constructible_t<Tuple,Args...>>;

测试代码:

struct bob {
    bob( int, int, int ) {}
};
template<std::size_t>
struct alice {
    alice(int) {}
};

int main() {
    using is_alice = first_constructible<std::tuple<std::string, bob, alice<1>, alice<2>, int>, int>;
    static_assert( std::is_same<is_alice, alice<1>>::value, "works" );
}

live example

C ++ 14,但仅适用于_t别名。将std::foo_t<blah>替换为typename std::foo<blah>::type

我所做的是找到每个可构造类型,然后抓住第一个。过滤器是一个简单的概念,我已经躺在那里,它比写“先通过测试”更容易,因为过滤器后面的第一个无条件在逻辑上是相同的(如果有点贵)。

您可以将上面的filter修改为“短路”并在测试通过时返回而不是用尾部合并:

template<template<class...>class Z, class Tuple, class=void>
struct search;
template<template<class...>class Z, class Tuple>
using search_t = type_t<search<Z,Tuple>>;

template<template<class...>class Z>
struct search<Z, std::tuple<>,void>{};
template<template<class...>class Z, class T0, class...Ts>
struct search<Z, std::tuple<T0, Ts...>, std::enable_if_t<Z<T0>::value>>:
    tag_t<T0>
{};
template<template<class...>class Z, class T0, class...Ts>
struct search<Z, std::tuple<T0, Ts...>, std::enable_if_t<!Z<T0>::value>>:
    search<Z, std::tuple<Ts...>>
{};

并将first_constructible模板替换为:

template<class Tuple, class...Args>
using first_constructible = search_t<is_constructible_test<Args...>::template result, Tuple>;

live example 2

我可能会使用像你那样与元组交互而不是专门化的实用函数,并且会有优势。

我看到你的一个问题是get<>会返回引用,而不是值。 std::tuple_element_t可能是一个更好的计划。

答案 1 :(得分:4)

template<class T, class...Args>
struct is_constructible_x : std::is_constructible<T, Args...> {
    using type = T;
};

struct not_found {
    static constexpr bool value = true;
    using type = void;
};

template<class, class...> struct first_constructible;

template<class...Ts, class... Args>
struct first_constructible<std::tuple<Ts...>, Args...> 
    : std::disjunction<is_constructible_x<Ts, Args...>..., not_found> {};

要实现C ++ 17 std::disjunction,请参阅cppreference

答案 2 :(得分:2)

我不知道究竟什么在你的解决方案中不起作用(关于using first_type的事情,但无论如何),但你的解决方案过于复杂。

使用部分特化,您可以丢弃pop_front_tuple并定义first_constructible,如下所示。

template <typename...>
struct first_constructible;

template <typename... Args>
struct first_constructible<std::tuple<>, Args...>
 { using type = void; };

template <typename First, typename ... Rest, typename... Args>
struct first_constructible<std::tuple<First, Rest...>, Args...>
 {
   using type = typename std::conditional<
      std::is_constructible<First, Args...>::value,
      First,
      typename first_constructible<std::tuple<Rest...>, Args...>::type
         >::type;
 };

答案 3 :(得分:1)

还有一个 - 该方法避免了类型递归并改为使用constexpr函数递归(如果是c ++ 14,则此处甚至不需要递归):

#include <type_traits>
#include <tuple>
#include <string>

template <std::size_t N>
constexpr std::size_t first_one(bool const (&c)[N], std::size_t I) {
    return (I == N)?N:(c[I]?I:first_one(c, I+1));
}

template <class Tuple, class... Args>
struct first_constructible;

template <class... Ts, class... Args>
struct first_constructible<std::tuple<Ts...>, Args...> {
    static constexpr bool constructible[] = { std::is_constructible<Ts, Args...>::value... };
    using type = typename std::tuple_element<first_one(constructible, 0), std::tuple<Ts..., void>>::type;
};

int main() {
    first_constructible<std::tuple<std::string, int>, std::string>::type a1 = ""; 
    first_constructible<std::tuple<std::string, int>>::type a2 = "";
    first_constructible<std::tuple<std::string, int>, std::string::size_type, std::string::value_type>::type a3 = ""; 
}

[live demo]