Question

在一个简单的c GUI库上工作，我从winapi后端开始，现在正在计算控件的首选大小。我将结果与Windows.Forms的结果进行比较。

现在，我正在使用来自Design Specifications and Guidelines - Visual Design Layout的值（如Buttons和TextBoxes为14“Dialog Logical Units”高）来计算winapi实现中的像素大小，同时保持所有内容的默认值Windows窗体。我创建了这些简单的演示实现：

Windows窗体（demo.cs）：

using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace W32CtlTest
{
    public class Demo : Form
    {
        private FlowLayoutPanel panel;
        private Button button;
        private TextBox textBox;

        public Demo() : base()
        {
            Text = "winforms";
            panel = new FlowLayoutPanel();

            button = new Button();
            button.Text = "test";
            button.Click += (sender, args) =>
            {
                Close();
            };
            panel.Controls.Add(button);

            textBox = new TextBox();
            panel.Controls.Add(textBox);

            Controls.Add(panel);
        }

        protected override Size DefaultSize
        {
            get
            {
                return new Size(240,100);
            }
        }

        public static void Main(string[] argv)
        {
            if (argv.Length < 1 || argv[0] != "-s")
            {
                Application.EnableVisualStyles();
            }
            Application.Run(new Demo());
        }
    }
}

使用C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\csc.exe /out:demo.exe /lib:C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319 /reference:System.Windows.Forms.dll,System.Drawing.dll demo.cs

进行编译

Win32 API（demo.c）：

#include <string.h>

#include <windows.h>
#include <commctrl.h>

static HINSTANCE instance;
static HWND mainWindow;
static HWND button;
static HWND textBox;

#define WC_mainWindow L"W32CtlTestDemo"
#define CID_button 0x101

static NONCLIENTMETRICSW ncm;
static HFONT messageFont;
static TEXTMETRICW messageFontMetrics;
static int buttonWidth;
static int buttonHeight;
static int textBoxWidth;
static int textBoxHeight;

/* hack to enable visual styles without relying on manifest
 * found at http://stackoverflow.com/a/10444161
 * modified for unicode-only code */
static int enableVisualStyles(void)
{
    wchar_t dir[MAX_PATH];
    ULONG_PTR ulpActivationCookie = 0;
    ACTCTXW actCtx =
    {
        sizeof(actCtx),
        ACTCTX_FLAG_RESOURCE_NAME_VALID
            | ACTCTX_FLAG_SET_PROCESS_DEFAULT
            | ACTCTX_FLAG_ASSEMBLY_DIRECTORY_VALID,
        L"shell32.dll", 0, 0, dir, (LPWSTR)124,
        0, 0
    };
    UINT cch = GetSystemDirectoryW(dir, sizeof(dir) / sizeof(*dir));
    if (cch >= sizeof(dir) / sizeof(*dir)) { return 0; }
    dir[cch] = L'\0';
    ActivateActCtx(CreateActCtxW(&actCtx), &ulpActivationCookie);
    return (int) ulpActivationCookie;
}

static void init(void)
{
    INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX icx;
    icx.dwSize = sizeof(INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX);
    icx.dwICC = ICC_WIN95_CLASSES;
    InitCommonControlsEx(&icx);
    ncm.cbSize = sizeof(ncm);
    SystemParametersInfoW(SPI_GETNONCLIENTMETRICS, ncm.cbSize, &ncm, 0);
    messageFont = CreateFontIndirectW(&ncm.lfStatusFont);
    HDC dc = GetDC(0);
    SelectObject(dc, (HGDIOBJ) messageFont);
    GetTextMetricsW(dc, &messageFontMetrics);
    SIZE sampleSize;
    GetTextExtentExPointW(dc,
            L"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz",
            52, 0, 0, 0, &sampleSize);
    ReleaseDC(0, dc);
    buttonWidth = MulDiv(sampleSize.cx, 50, 4 * 52);
    buttonHeight = MulDiv(messageFontMetrics.tmHeight, 14, 8);
    textBoxWidth = 100;
    textBoxHeight = MulDiv(messageFontMetrics.tmHeight, 14, 8);
    instance = GetModuleHandleW(0);
}

static LRESULT CALLBACK wproc(HWND w, UINT msg, WPARAM wp, LPARAM lp)
{
    switch (msg)
    {
    case WM_CREATE:
        button = CreateWindowExW(0, L"Button", L"test",
                WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_PUSHBUTTON,
                2, 2, buttonWidth, buttonHeight,
                w, (HMENU)CID_button, instance, 0);
        SendMessageW(button, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)messageFont, 0);

        textBox = CreateWindowExW(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, L"Edit", L"",
                WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|ES_AUTOHSCROLL,
                6 + buttonWidth, 2, textBoxWidth, textBoxHeight,
                w, 0, instance, 0);
        SendMessageW(textBox, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)messageFont, 0);

        break;

    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;

    case WM_COMMAND:
        switch (LOWORD(wp))
        {
        case CID_button:
            DestroyWindow(w);
            break;
        }
        break;

    }

    return DefWindowProcW(w, msg, wp, lp);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    if (argc < 2 || strcmp(argv[1], "-s"))
    {
        enableVisualStyles();
    }

    init();

    WNDCLASSEXW wc;
    memset(&wc, 0, sizeof(wc));
    wc.cbSize = sizeof(wc);
    wc.hInstance = instance;
    wc.lpszClassName = WC_mainWindow;
    wc.lpfnWndProc = wproc;
    wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) COLOR_WINDOW;
    wc.hCursor = LoadCursorA(0, IDC_ARROW);
    RegisterClassExW(&wc);

    mainWindow = CreateWindowExW(0, WC_mainWindow, L"winapi",
            WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 240, 100,
            0, 0, instance, 0);
    ShowWindow(mainWindow, SW_SHOWNORMAL);

    MSG msg;
    while (GetMessageW(&msg, 0, 0, 0) > 0)
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessageW(&msg);
    }
    return (int)msg.wParam;
}

使用gcc -odemo.exe -O2 demo.c -lgdi32 -lcomctl32

进行编译

测试代码也可用on github

在Windows 10上看起来像这样，在上排启用了视觉样式，在下排禁用了视觉样式：

我很快发现的一件事是Windows.Forms不使用消息字体（正如我预期的那样），而是使用DEFAULT_GUI_FONT虽然这不是正确的做法，但我改变了相应的win32代码，所以我可以更好地比较结果：

为了完整性，这里是没有视觉样式的Windows 7上的样子：

现在我的问题是：

使用消息字体是否正确？那么，Windows.Forms肯定会让这个“错”吗？
显然，Windows.Forms对按钮使用14 DLU高度，但对TextBox使用较小的高度。这与Design Specifications相矛盾。 Windows.Forms也在这里错了吗？或者TextBoxes实际上应该更小，所以文本看起来不像是“悬挂在天花板上”？我认为这个看起来比Windows.Forms更好。
比较启用/禁用的视觉样式，我发现没有视觉样式，我的按钮和文本框的高度相同，但在Windows 10上启用了视觉样式，文本框实际上更高。是否有类似“主题特定指标”的内容，如果是，我该如何使用它来纠正我的计算？

Answer 1

这只是我在这里添加的部分答案供参考：

实际上，根据this blog entry by Raymond Chen使用DEFAULT_GUI_FONT 是错误的。所以，不需要相信winforms做“正确的事”。

Design Specifications表示编辑控件的高度应与按钮（14 DLU）相同。要将这些转换为像素大小，需要使用对话框基本单元（DBU），而GetDialogBaseUnits()仅为系统字体返回它们，有MSDN articles描述如何计算它们其他字体。

1个垂直DBU对应8个DLU，因此编辑控件将比其包含的文本高6 DLU。这看起来不太好，因为编辑控件不会垂直居中文本，而是在顶部对齐它。 winforms通过为Edit控件计算较小的大小来避免这种情况。缺点是Edit控件在Button旁边不能很好地对齐。

我通过在重写的窗口proc中缩小Edit控件的客户区来找到一种“hacky”解决方案。以下代码比较结果（并包含使用系统字体完成的控件）：

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <windows.h>
#include <commctrl.h>

typedef struct PaddedControl
{
    WNDPROC baseWndProc;
    int vshrink;
} PaddedControl;

static HINSTANCE instance;
static HWND mainWindow;
static HWND buttonSF;
static HWND textBoxSF;
static HWND buttonMF;
static HWND textBoxMF;
static HWND buttonMFC;
static HWND textBoxMFC;
static PaddedControl textBoxMFCPadded;

#define WC_mainWindow L"W32CtlTestDemo"

static NONCLIENTMETRICSW ncm;
static HFONT messageFont;
static TEXTMETRICW messageFontMetrics;
static int controlHeightSF;
static int controlHeightMF;
static int buttonWidthSF;
static int buttonWidthMF;

/* hack to enable visual styles without relying on manifest
 * found at http://stackoverflow.com/a/10444161
 * modified for unicode-only code */
static int enableVisualStyles(void)
{
    wchar_t dir[MAX_PATH];
    ULONG_PTR ulpActivationCookie = 0;
    ACTCTXW actCtx =
    {
        sizeof(actCtx),
        ACTCTX_FLAG_RESOURCE_NAME_VALID
            | ACTCTX_FLAG_SET_PROCESS_DEFAULT
            | ACTCTX_FLAG_ASSEMBLY_DIRECTORY_VALID,
        L"shell32.dll", 0, 0, dir, (LPWSTR)124,
        0, 0
    };
    UINT cch = GetSystemDirectoryW(dir, sizeof(dir) / sizeof(*dir));
    if (cch >= sizeof(dir) / sizeof(*dir)) { return 0; }
    dir[cch] = L'\0';
    ActivateActCtx(CreateActCtxW(&actCtx), &ulpActivationCookie);
    return (int) ulpActivationCookie;
}

static void init(void)
{
    INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX icx;
    icx.dwSize = sizeof(INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX);
    icx.dwICC = ICC_WIN95_CLASSES;
    InitCommonControlsEx(&icx);
    ncm.cbSize = sizeof(ncm);
    SystemParametersInfoW(SPI_GETNONCLIENTMETRICS, ncm.cbSize, &ncm, 0);
    messageFont = CreateFontIndirectW(&ncm.lfStatusFont);

    LONG sysDbu = GetDialogBaseUnits();
    HDC dc = GetDC(0);
    SelectObject(dc, (HGDIOBJ) messageFont);
    GetTextMetricsW(dc, &messageFontMetrics);
    SIZE sampleSize;
    GetTextExtentExPointW(dc,
            L"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz",
            52, 0, 0, 0, &sampleSize);
    ReleaseDC(0, dc);
    controlHeightSF = MulDiv(HIWORD(sysDbu), 14, 8);
    controlHeightMF = MulDiv(messageFontMetrics.tmHeight, 14, 8);
    buttonWidthSF = MulDiv(LOWORD(sysDbu), 50, 4);
    buttonWidthMF = MulDiv(sampleSize.cx, 50, 4 * 52);
    instance = GetModuleHandleW(0);
}

static LRESULT CALLBACK paddedControlProc(
        HWND w, UINT msg, WPARAM wp, LPARAM lp)
{
    PaddedControl *self = (PaddedControl *)GetPropW(w, L"paddedControl");
    WNDCLASSEXW wc;

    switch (msg)
    {
    case WM_ERASEBKGND:
        wc.cbSize = sizeof(wc);
        GetClassInfoExW(0, L"Edit", &wc);
        RECT cr;
        GetClientRect(w, &cr);
        cr.top -= self->vshrink;
        cr.bottom += self->vshrink;
        HDC dc = GetDC(w);
        FillRect(dc, &cr, wc.hbrBackground);
        ReleaseDC(w, dc);
        return 1;

    case WM_NCCALCSIZE:
        if (!wp) break;
        LRESULT result = CallWindowProcW(self->baseWndProc, w, msg, wp, lp);
        NCCALCSIZE_PARAMS *p = (NCCALCSIZE_PARAMS *)lp;
        int height = p->rgrc[0].bottom - p->rgrc[0].top;
        self->vshrink = 0;
        if (height > messageFontMetrics.tmHeight + 3)
        {
            self->vshrink = (height - messageFontMetrics.tmHeight - 3) / 2;
            p->rgrc[0].top += self->vshrink;
            p->rgrc[0].bottom -= self->vshrink;
        }
        return result;
    }

    return CallWindowProcW(self->baseWndProc, w, msg, wp, lp);
}

static LRESULT CALLBACK wproc(HWND w, UINT msg, WPARAM wp, LPARAM lp)
{
    switch (msg)
    {
    case WM_CREATE:
        buttonSF = CreateWindowExW(0, L"Button", L"sysfont",
                WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_PUSHBUTTON,
                4, 4, buttonWidthSF, controlHeightSF,
                w, 0, instance, 0);

        buttonMF = CreateWindowExW(0, L"Button", L"msgfont",
                WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_PUSHBUTTON,
                4, 8 + controlHeightSF, buttonWidthMF, controlHeightMF,
                w, 0, instance, 0);
        SendMessageW(buttonMF, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)messageFont, 0);

        buttonMFC = CreateWindowExW(0, L"Button", L"msgfont adj",
                WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_PUSHBUTTON,
                4, 12 + controlHeightSF + controlHeightMF,
                buttonWidthMF, controlHeightMF,
                w, 0, instance, 0);
        SendMessageW(buttonMFC, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)messageFont, 0);

        textBoxSF = CreateWindowExW(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, L"Edit", L"abcdefgh",
                WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|ES_AUTOHSCROLL,
                8 + buttonWidthSF, 4, 100, controlHeightSF,
                w, 0, instance, 0);

        textBoxMF = CreateWindowExW(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, L"Edit", L"abcdefgh",
                WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|ES_AUTOHSCROLL,
                8 + buttonWidthMF, 8 + controlHeightSF,
                100, controlHeightMF,
                w, 0, instance, 0);
        SendMessageW(textBoxMF, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)messageFont, 0);

        textBoxMFC = CreateWindowExW(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, L"Edit", L"abcdefgh",
                WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|ES_AUTOHSCROLL,
                8 + buttonWidthMF, 12 + controlHeightSF + controlHeightMF,
                100, controlHeightMF,
                w, 0, instance, 0);
        memset(&textBoxMFCPadded, 0, sizeof(PaddedControl));
        textBoxMFCPadded.baseWndProc = (WNDPROC)SetWindowLongPtr(
                textBoxMFC, GWLP_WNDPROC, (LONG_PTR)paddedControlProc);
        SetPropW(textBoxMFC, L"paddedControl", &textBoxMFCPadded);
        SetWindowPos(textBoxMFC, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
                SWP_NOOWNERZORDER|SWP_NOSIZE|SWP_NOMOVE|SWP_FRAMECHANGED);
        SendMessageW(textBoxMFC, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)messageFont, 0);

        break;

    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;

    }

    return DefWindowProcW(w, msg, wp, lp);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    if (argc < 2 || strcmp(argv[1], "-s"))
    {
        enableVisualStyles();
    }

    init();

    WNDCLASSEXW wc;
    memset(&wc, 0, sizeof(wc));
    wc.cbSize = sizeof(wc);
    wc.hInstance = instance;
    wc.lpszClassName = WC_mainWindow;
    wc.lpfnWndProc = wproc;
    wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) COLOR_WINDOW;
    wc.hCursor = LoadCursorA(0, IDC_ARROW);
    RegisterClassExW(&wc);

    mainWindow = CreateWindowExW(0, WC_mainWindow, L"fontdemo",
            WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 240, 180,
            0, 0, instance, 0);
    ShowWindow(mainWindow, SW_SHOWNORMAL);

    MSG msg;
    while (GetMessageW(&msg, 0, 0, 0) > 0)
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessageW(&msg);
    }
    return (int)msg.wParam;
}

使用此hack的最后一行控件是迄今为止我能达到的最佳效果：

正如您所看到的，仍然存在的问题是Button和Edit控件的高度与Windows 10的视觉样式主题看起来不同。所以我仍然很高兴看到这个问题的更好答案。 / p>

win32：如何计算控件大小以获得Windows版本/主题的一致外观？

Windows窗体（demo.cs）：

Win32 API（demo.c）：

1 个答案: