以this StackOverflow post为例,我实现了一个类型化的事件系统。简化,看起来像:
interface MyTypeMap {
FOO: string;
BAR: number;
}
我正在尝试使用此地图创建一个事件处理程序:
function handleEvent<T extends keyof MyTypeMap>(eventKey: T, eventMsg: MyTypeMap[T]) {
switch(eventKey) {
case('FOO'):
// TS believes that eventKey is of type 'never'
// TS believes that eventMsg is 'string|number'
break;
case('BAR'):
// TS believes that eventKey is of type 'never'
// TS believes that eventMsg is 'string|number'
break;
}
}
在外部调用此函数时,TypeScript的行为与预期一致。例如:
// These work as desired
handleEvent('FOO', 'asdf');
handleEvent('BAR', 5);
// These throw compile errors as desired
handleEvent('FOO', 6);
handleEvent('BAR', 'i am not a string');
然而,在函数TypeScript内部非常困惑。它似乎相信没有任何案件陈述会受到打击。为什么TypeScript无法正确推断函数内部的类型,尽管它可以在外部调用时正常工作?
答案 0 :(得分:2)
目前无法根据另一个变量的类型约束一个变量的类型。删除T
的通用参数handleEvent
后,您可以获得最佳效果(不知道为什么它会导致打字稿将eventKey
类型推断为never
)
function handleEvent(eventKey: keyof MyTypeMap, eventMsg: MyTypeMap[typeof eventKey]) {
switch(eventKey) {
case ('FOO'):
const a1 = eventKey; // a1 has type 'FOO'
const m1 = eventMsg; // m1 has type string|number
break;
case('BAR'):
const a2 = eventKey; // a2 has type 'BAR'
const m2 = eventMsg; // again, m2 has type string|number
break;
}
}
因此,当eventMsg
所依赖的变量类型受到限制时,编译器不会限制eventKey
的类型。如果可能的话,它会很好。
但是如果您愿意使用将消息类型映射到处理程序而不是switch语句的对象,那么这里是工作原型(目前仅限于每种消息类型只有一个处理程序,但我相信可以轻松扩展):
class Dispatcher {
on<
MessageType extends keyof AppMessageMap
>(
messageType: MessageType,
handler: (message: AppMessageMap[MessageType]) => void
): void {
this.handlerMap[messageType] = handler;
}
handlerMap: {[s: string]: (message: AppMessageMap[keyof AppMessageMap]) => void} = {};
emit<MessageType extends keyof AppMessageMap>(messageType: MessageType, message: AppMessageMap[MessageType]) {
const handler = this.handlerMap[messageType];
if (handler) {
handler(message);
}
}
}
/* messages.ts */
interface AddCommentMessage {
commentId: number;
comment: string;
userId: number;
}
interface PostPictureMessage {
pictureId: number;
userId: number;
}
interface AppMessageMap {
"ADD_COMMENT": AddCommentMessage,
"POST_PICTURE": PostPictureMessage
}
/* app.ts */
const dispatcher = new Dispatcher();
dispatcher.on("ADD_COMMENT", (message) => {
console.log(`add comment: ${message.comment}`);
});
dispatcher.on("POST_PICTURE", (message) => {
console.log(`post picture: ${message.pictureId}`);
});
dispatcher.emit('ADD_COMMENT', {
comment: 'some comment',
commentId: 2,
userId: 3
});
dispatcher.emit('POST_PICTURE', {
pictureId: 4,
userId: 5
});