我要做的三件事是：
•替换显示为＆＃34;！replace！＆＃34;的Label小部件。使用Entry小部件在GUI中（并在代码中命名为placeHolder）。当＆＃34;新游戏＆＃34;按下按钮，新游戏中的初始球数应该是Entry小部件中的数字。
•只要剩下少于三个球，请停用可能导致非法移动的按钮。
•使用状态标签（代码中的statusLabel）向玩家提供更多反馈。删除将信息打印到Python shell的代码，然后使用状态标签显示信息，例如计算机占用的球数，输赢状态（＆＃34;您赢了！＆＃34;或＆＃34;电脑赢了！＆＃34;）等等。
# Note: if you want to use additional tkinter widgets, you will need to add their names to
# the import list below
from tkinter import Tk, Canvas, Frame, Button, Label, Entry, END, LEFT, RIGHT, SUNKEN
from time import sleep
import random
# To run this code, load into Python, and execute runNim(n), where n is desired initial number
# of balls, in the Python shell
#
# This class is just like the solution to HW 6 Q2 with three small changes related to GUI.
# See comments starting with # ##.
class NimGame():
def __init__(self, numberOfBalls):
self.numberOfBallsRemaining = numberOfBalls
print("Nim game initialized with {} balls.".format(self.numberOfBallsRemaining))
def remainingBalls(self):
return self.numberOfBallsRemaining
def take(self, numberOfBalls):
if (numberOfBalls < 1) or (numberOfBalls > 3) or (numberOfBalls > self.numberOfBallsRemaining):
print("You can't take that number of balls. Try again.")
# ## Update statusLabel in the GUI to tell user they can't take that many balls.
# For the homework, you'll deactivate the buttons that allow such choices,
# so this whole "if" will no longer be used/necessary.
statusLabel.configure(text="You can't take that number of balls. Try again.")
else:
self.numberOfBallsRemaining = self.numberOfBallsRemaining - numberOfBalls
print("You took {} balls. {} remain.".format(numberOfBalls, self.numberOfBallsRemaining))
if self.numberOfBallsRemaining == 0:
print("You win!")
else:
# ## After removing player-chosen balls, update graphics and then pause for 1.0 seconds
# before removing computer-chosen balls. This way the player can "see" the
# intermediate status. Perhaps think about a nicer way of showing this.
updateGraphics()
sleep(1.0)
computerMaxBalls = min(3, self.numberOfBallsRemaining)
# It is certainly okay to change this code so that the computer plays more intelligently!
compBallsTaken = random.randint(1,computerMaxBalls)
self.numberOfBallsRemaining = self.numberOfBallsRemaining - compBallsTaken
# ## After removing computer-chosen balls, update graphics again.
updateGraphics()
print("Computer took {} balls. {} remain.".format(compBallsTaken, self.numberOfBallsRemaining))
if self.numberOfBallsRemaining == 0:
print("Computer wins!")
# global variables used for placement of balls
canvasHeight = 200
canvasWidth = 610
canvasBorderBuffer = 10
maxBallSize = 100
# the values of global variables below are computed and set in initializeNimAndGUI
# ballSize
# halfBallSize
# spaceBetweenBalls
# leftmostBallXPosition
# ballYPosition
# 1. clear the canvas
# 2. draw balls on canvas equal to number remaining in the Nim game
def updateGraphics():
canvas.delete('all')
centerX = leftmostBallXPosition
centerY = ballYPosition
for i in range(nimGame.remainingBalls()):
canvas.create_oval(centerX - halfBallSize,
centerY - halfBallSize,
centerX + halfBallSize,
centerY + halfBallSize,
fill="#9999ff")
centerX = centerX + spaceBetweenBalls + ballSize
canvas.update_idletasks()
# Callback functions invoked by GUI buttons
def takeBalls(numberToTake):
nimGame.take(numberToTake)
def initializeNewGame():
numberOfBalls = e1.get() # change this to read from Entry widget you add to GUI
initializeNimAndGUI(numberOfBalls)
#####
# 1. create a NimGame object with specified number of balls
# 2. clear the graphics canvas
# 3. based on number of balls, compute values ball size and spacing and set
# global variable used for drawing the balls.
#
def initializeNimAndGUI(numberOfBalls):
global nimGame
global ballSize, halfBallSize, spaceBetweenBalls, leftmostBallXPosition, ballYPosition
nimGame = NimGame(numberOfBalls)
canvas.delete('all')
ballSize = min(maxBallSize, int(((canvasWidth-canvasBorderBuffer)//numberOfBalls)/1.2))
halfBallSize = ballSize // 2
spaceBetweenBalls = int(0.2 * ballSize)
leftmostBallXPosition = (canvasBorderBuffer//2) + (spaceBetweenBalls//2) + halfBallSize
ballYPosition = canvasHeight // 2
updateGraphics()
statusLabel.configure(text="Started new game.")
# create GUI for Nim Game, including
# 1. canvas where balls will be shown
# 2. some buttons, to the right of the canvas, for taking balls or starting a new game
# 3. a label, below the canvas and buttons, for status messages
#
def createGUI():
global rootWindow
global canvas
global statusLabel
global textEntry
rootWindow = Tk()
rootWindow.title("Play Nim")
canvasAndButtons = Frame(rootWindow)
canvas = Canvas(canvasAndButtons, height=canvasHeight, width=canvasWidth, relief=SUNKEN, borderwidth=2)
canvas.pack(side=LEFT)
buttonframe = Frame(canvasAndButtons)
button1 = Button(buttonframe, text='Take 1', command=lambda:takeBalls(1))
button2 = Button(buttonframe, text='Take 2', command=lambda:takeBalls(2))
button3 = Button(buttonframe, text='Take 3', command=lambda:takeBalls(3))
button4 = Button(buttonframe, text='New Game', command=initializeNewGame)
# replace this with an Entry widget
e1 = Entry(rootWindow, bd=1)
button1.pack()
button2.pack()
button3.pack()
button4.pack()
e1.pack(side=RIGHT)
buttonframe.pack(side=RIGHT)
canvasAndButtons.pack()
statusLabel = Label(rootWindow)
statusLabel.pack()
# Call 'runNim' with the desired number of initial balls
#
def runNim(numberOfBalls):
createGUI()
initializeNimAndGUI(numberOfBalls)
rootWindow.mainloop()
对于在玩新游戏时我无法从条目小部件中读取的原因感到困惑。我使用了e1.get（）。非常感谢帮助。如果你有时间做其他两件事，谢谢！