带有引号和变量的Python Subprocess命令

时间:2017-04-27 16:59:27

标签: python subprocess

我有一个复杂的命令,我想用子进程运行。它包含单引号和双引号,我想删除一些变量。

这是字符串:

gitlab create_merge_request 5 "{} - New merge request - {}" "{source_branch: '{}', target_branch: 'dev', assignee_id: 1}"  --json

我想维护“新合并请求”部分的引号(它包含两个变量并围绕'source_branch'变量。'source_branch'部分中的花括号也会导致问题。

当我像这样格式化字符串时:

gitLabCreateMerge = ('/usr/local/bin/gitlab create_merge_request 5 ', str(committerUser), ' requested - Automated Merge Request- ', str(reviewerUser), "'{source_branch:", str(branchName), " target_branch: 'dev', assignee_id: 1}' --json")

看起来像这样:

('/usr/local/bin/gitlab create_merge_request 5 ', 'alice', ' requested - Automated merge request - joe ', "'{source_branch:", 'testdevbranch', " target_branch: 'dev', assignee_id: 1}' --json")

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

使用子进程,您最好不要传递字符串列表而不是shell要评估的字符串。这样您就不必担心平衡双引号(并转义可能的可执行值)。

花括号可以escaped from string formatting加倍。

记住这两个注意事项,这就是我可能做的事情:

committerUser = 'alice'
reviewerUser = 'joe'
branchName = 'testdevbranch'
cmd = ["gitlab",
    "create_merge_request",
    "5",
    f"{committerUser} - New merge request - {reviewerUser}",
    f"{{source_branch: '{branchName}', target_branch: 'dev', assignee_id: 1}}",
    "--json"]
subprocess.Popen(cmd, …)

我在这里使用Python 3.6' f-strings,但也可以使用str.format()方法

"{} - New merge request - {}".format(committerUser, reviewerUser),
"{{source_branch: '{}', target_branch: 'dev', assignee_id: 1}}".format(branchName),

或者通过连接显式,这可能比尝试记住双花括号的内容更具可读性。

committerUser + " - New merge request - " + reviewerUser,
"{source_branch: '" + branchName + "', target_branch: 'dev', assignee_id: 1}",