解析xml文件以使用python中的lxml和XPath提取元素值

Question

我有这个xml文件，我想提取与某些特定元素相关的值。更具体地说，我想要的是当元素值为Marks时，然后检查下一个元素值是否为Marks of Student（它们位于我在下面显示的示例xml中的末尾）。如果它然后提取/打印这两个标签和接下来的3个标签（最小值，最大值和平均值）：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?mso-application progid="Excel.Sheet"?>
<Workbook xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"
 xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"
 xmlns:x="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel"
 xmlns:ss="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"
 xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
 <DocumentProperties xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office">
  <Version>16.00</Version>
 </DocumentProperties>
 <OfficeDocumentSettings xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office">
  <AllowPNG/>
 </OfficeDocumentSettings>
 <ExcelWorkbook xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel">
  <WindowHeight>9888</WindowHeight>
  <WindowWidth>15360</WindowWidth>
  <WindowTopX>0</WindowTopX>
  <WindowTopY>0</WindowTopY>
  <ProtectStructure>False</ProtectStructure>
  <ProtectWindows>False</ProtectWindows>
 </ExcelWorkbook>
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   <Alignment ss:Vertical="Bottom"/>
   <Borders/>
   <Font ss:FontName="Calibri" x:Family="Swiss" ss:Size="11" ss:Color="#000000"/>
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   <Protection/>
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  <Style ss:ID="s109">
   <Alignment ss:Horizontal="Left" ss:Vertical="Bottom"/>
   <Borders/>
   <Font ss:FontName="Calibri" x:Family="Swiss" ss:Size="11" ss:Color="#000000"/>
   <Interior ss:Color="#FFFFFF" ss:Pattern="Solid"/>
   <NumberFormat/>
   <Protection/>
  </Style>
 </Styles>
 <Worksheet ss:Name="Dataset Contents">
  <Table ss:ExpandedColumnCount="6" ss:ExpandedRowCount="86" x:FullColumns="1"
   x:FullRows="1" ss:StyleID="s62" ss:DefaultRowHeight="14.4">
   <Column ss:StyleID="s62" ss:Width="33.6"/>
   <Column ss:StyleID="s62" ss:Width="108"/>
   <Column ss:StyleID="s62" ss:Width="67.8" ss:Span="1"/>
   <Column ss:Index="5" ss:StyleID="s62" ss:Width="94.8"/>
   <Column ss:StyleID="s62" ss:Width="229.8"/>
   <Row ss:AutoFitHeight="0" ss:Height="31.95">
    <Cell ss:MergeAcross="5" ss:StyleID="s64"><Data ss:Type="String">Students Score Summary</Data></Cell>
   </Row>

  <!--...bunch of <Row><Cell><Data> tags which I don't want to extract..-->

  <Cell ss:StyleID="s65"><Data ss:Type="String">Variable Name</Data></Cell>
    <Cell ss:StyleID="s65"><Data ss:Type="String">Variable Label</Data></Cell>
    <Cell ss:StyleID="s79"><Data ss:Type="String">Minimum&#10;Value</Data></Cell>
    <Cell ss:StyleID="s79"><Data ss:Type="String">Maximum&#10;Value</Data></Cell>
    <Cell ss:StyleID="s80"><Data ss:Type="String">Mean&#10;Value</Data></Cell>

   <Row ss:AutoFitHeight="0" ss:Height="15">
    <Cell ss:StyleID="s73"><Data ss:Type="String">Marks</Data></Cell>
    <Cell ss:StyleID="s73"><Data ss:Type="String">Marks of Student</Data></Cell>
    <Cell ss:StyleID="s82"><Data ss:Type="Number">0</Data></Cell>
    <Cell ss:StyleID="s82"><Data ss:Type="Number">96</Data></Cell>
    <Cell ss:StyleID="s83"><Data ss:Type="Number">65.71</Data></Cell>
   </Row>
   <Row ss:AutoFitHeight="0" ss:Height="15">
    <Cell ss:StyleID="s73"><Data ss:Type="String">Name</Data></Cell>
    <Cell ss:StyleID="s73"><Data ss:Type="String">Name of Students</Data></Cell>
    <Cell ss:StyleID="s82"><Data ss:Type="Number">n/a</Data></Cell>
    <Cell ss:StyleID="s82"><Data ss:Type="Number">n/a</Data></Cell>
    <Cell ss:StyleID="s83"><Data ss:Type="Number">n/a</Data></Cell>
   </Row>

   <!--...bunch of <Row><Cell><Data> tags which I don't want to extract..-->
    .
    .
    .
</Workbook>

目前我有这个代码，我使用ElementTree解析xml文件，但它没有产生任何输出（它不打印任何东西）。

import io

import xml.etree.ElementTree

tree = xml.etree.ElementTree.parse('xmlFile1.xml').getroot()

parent_map = {c: p for p in tree.getiterator() for c in p}

def search_data(first_text, next_text):
    data_with_marks = [data_node
                       for data_node in tree.findall(".//Data")
                       if data_node.text == first_text]
    for marks_elem in data_with_marks:
        cell_elem = parent_map[marks_elem]
        row_elem = parent_map[cell_elem]
        cell_nodes = list(row_elem)
        curr_index = cell_nodes.index(cell_elem)
        next_index = curr_index + 1
        next_data_node = next(iter(cell_nodes[next_index]))
        if next_data_node.text == next_text:
            return [next(iter(cell_node))
                    for cell_node in cell_nodes[curr_index:curr_index + 6]]
    return []

if __name__ == '__main__':
    for node in search_data("Marks", "Marks of Student"):
        print(node.text)

我正在尝试寻找lxml和XPath，但我们不知道如何做到这一点。如何修改当前代码以使用lxml和XPath来解析xml文件并获得我想要的输出？

Answer 1

以下是使用ElementTree提取所需信息的方法：

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

NSMAP = {"ss": "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet"}

tree = ET.parse("xmlFile1.xml")

# Find all Row elements
rows = tree.findall(".//ss:Row", NSMAP)

# For each Row, get all Data 'grandchildren'
for row in rows:
    data = row.findall("ss:Cell/ss:Data", NSMAP)

    if data and len(data) == 5:     
        # If first two Data elements are what we want, print out all Data element values
        if data[0].text == "Marks" and data[1].text == "Marks of Student":
            for d in data:
                print (d.text)

输出：

Marks
Marks of Student
0
96
65.71

默认命名空间为urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet，您感兴趣的元素位于此命名空间中。这就是我们需要使用NSMAP字典的原因。请参阅https://docs.python.org/3/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#parsing-xml-with-namespaces。