我有一个用python 2.7创建的pickle文件,我正在尝试移植到python 3.6。该文件通过pickle.dumps(self.saved_objects, -1)
并通过loads(data, encoding="bytes")
(来自rb
模式下打开的文件)加载到python 3.6中。如果我尝试在r
模式下打开并将encoding=latin1
传递给loads
,我会收到UnicodeDecode错误。当我打开它作为字节流时,它会加载,但字面上每个字符串现在都是一个字节字符串。每个对象的__dict__
密钥都是b"a_variable_name"
,然后在调用an_object.a_variable_name
时会生成属性错误,因为__getattr__
传递一个字符串而__dict__
只包含字节。我觉得我已经尝试了各种参数和pickle协议的组合。除了将所有对象的__dict__
键强制转换为字符串之外我还不知所措。有什么想法吗?
** 跳至更新示例的4/28/17更新
-------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ---------------
** 更新4/27/17
这个最小的例子说明了我的问题:
来自py 2.7.13
import pickle
class test(object):
def __init__(self):
self.x = u"test ¢" # including a unicode str breaks things
t = test()
dumpstr = pickle.dumps(t)
>>> dumpstr
"ccopy_reg\n_reconstructor\np0\n(c__main__\ntest\np1\nc__builtin__\nobject\np2\nNtp3\nRp4\n(dp5\nS'x'\np6\nVtest \xa2\np7\nsb."
来自py 3.6.1
import pickle
class test(object):
def __init__(self):
self.x = "xyz"
dumpstr = b"ccopy_reg\n_reconstructor\np0\n(c__main__\ntest\np1\nc__builtin__\nobject\np2\nNtp3\nRp4\n(dp5\nS'x'\np6\nVtest \xa2\np7\nsb."
t = pickle.loads(dumpstr, encoding="bytes")
>>> t
<__main__.test object at 0x040E3DF0>
>>> t.x
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#15>", line 1, in <module>
t.x
AttributeError: 'test' object has no attribute 'x'
>>> t.__dict__
{b'x': 'test ¢'}
>>>
-------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ---------------
更新4/28/17
要重新创建我的问题,我发布了我的实际原始pickle数据here
pickle文件是在python 2.7.13,windows 10中使用
创建的with open("raw_data.pkl", "wb") as fileobj:
pickle.dump(library, fileobj, protocol=0)
(协议0所以它是人类可读的)
要运行它,您需要classes.py
# classes.py
class Library(object): pass
class Book(object): pass
class Student(object): pass
class RentalDetails(object): pass
这里的测试脚本:
# load_pickle.py
import pickle, sys, itertools, os
raw_pkl = "raw_data.pkl"
is_py3 = sys.version_info.major == 3
read_modes = ["rb"]
encodings = ["bytes", "utf-8", "latin-1"]
fix_imports_choices = [True, False]
files = ["raw_data_%s.pkl" % x for x in range(3)]
def py2_test():
with open(raw_pkl, "rb") as fileobj:
loaded_object = pickle.load(fileobj)
print("library dict: %s" % (loaded_object.__dict__.keys()))
return loaded_object
def py2_dumps():
library = py2_test()
for protcol, path in enumerate(files):
print("dumping library to %s, protocol=%s" % (path, protcol))
with open(path, "wb") as writeobj:
pickle.dump(library, writeobj, protocol=protcol)
def py3_test():
# this test iterates over the different options trying to load
# the data pickled with py2 into a py3 environment
print("starting py3 test")
for (read_mode, encoding, fix_import, path) in itertools.product(read_modes, encodings, fix_imports_choices, files):
py3_load(path, read_mode=read_mode, fix_imports=fix_import, encoding=encoding)
def py3_load(path, read_mode, fix_imports, encoding):
from traceback import print_exc
print("-" * 50)
print("path=%s, read_mode = %s fix_imports = %s, encoding = %s" % (path, read_mode, fix_imports, encoding))
if not os.path.exists(path):
print("start this file with py2 first")
return
try:
with open(path, read_mode) as fileobj:
loaded_object = pickle.load(fileobj, fix_imports=fix_imports, encoding=encoding)
# print the object's __dict__
print("library dict: %s" % (loaded_object.__dict__.keys()))
# consider the test a failure if any member attributes are saved as bytes
test_passed = not any((isinstance(k, bytes) for k in loaded_object.__dict__.keys()))
print("Test %s" % ("Passed!" if test_passed else "Failed"))
except Exception:
print_exc()
print("Test Failed")
input("Press Enter to continue...")
print("-" * 50)
if is_py3:
py3_test()
else:
# py2_test()
py2_dumps()
将所有3放在同一目录中并首先运行c:\python27\python load_pickle.py
,这将为3个协议中的每一个创建1个pickle文件。然后使用python 3运行相同的命令,并注意它的版本将__dict__
键转换为字节。我让它工作了大约6个小时,但对于我的生活,我无法弄清楚我是如何再次打破它的。
答案 0 :(得分:7)
简而言之,您在datetime.date
个对象中点击bug 22005 RentalDetails
个对象。
可以使用encoding='bytes'
参数解决这个问题,但这会使您的类包含__dict__
个字节:
>>> library = pickle.loads(pickle_data, encoding='bytes')
>>> dir(library)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: '<' not supported between instances of 'str' and 'bytes'
可以根据您的具体数据手动修复它:
def fix_object(obj):
"""Decode obj.__dict__ containing bytes keys"""
obj.__dict__ = dict((k.decode("ascii"), v) for k, v in obj.__dict__.items())
def fix_library(library):
"""Walk all library objects and decode __dict__ keys"""
fix_object(library)
for student in library.students:
fix_object(student)
for book in library.books:
fix_object(book)
for rental in book.rentals:
fix_object(rental)
但是这很脆弱,你应该寻找更好的选择。
1)实现将datetime对象映射到非破坏表示的__getstate__
/__setstate__
,例如:
class Event(object):
"""Example class working around datetime pickling bug"""
def __init__(self):
self.date = datetime.date.today()
def __getstate__(self):
state = self.__dict__.copy()
state["date"] = state["date"].toordinal()
return state
def __setstate__(self, state):
self.__dict__.update(state)
self.date = datetime.date.fromordinal(self.date)
2)根本不要使用泡菜。在__getstate__
/ __setstate__
的范围内,您可以在类中实现to_dict
/ from_dict
方法或类似方法,以将其内容保存为json或其他纯文本格式。< / p>
最后要注意的是,不应要求在每个对象中对库进行反向引用。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
问题:将pickle py2移植到py3字符串变为字节
下面给出的encoding='latin-1'
是好的。
b''
的问题是使用encoding='bytes'
的结果。
这将导致dict-keys被取消为字节而不是str。
问题数据是datetime.date values '\x07á\x02\x10'
,从raw-data.pkl
的第 56 行开始。
正如已经指出的那样,这是一个konwn问题
Unpickling python2 datetime under python3
http://bugs.python.org/issue22005
要解决此问题,我已修补pickle.py
并获得unpickled object
,例如
book.library.books [0] .rentals [0] = .rental_date 2017年2月16日
这对我有用:
t = pickle.loads(dumpstr, encoding="latin-1")
<强>输出强>:
&lt; main .test对象位于0xf7095fec&gt;
t .__ dict __ = {'x':'test¢'}
测试¢
使用Python测试:3.4.2
答案 2 :(得分:1)
您应该将pickle
数据视为特定于创建它的Python的(主要)版本。
(见Gregory Smith's message w.r.t. issue 22005。)
解决这个问题的最好方法是编写一个Python 2.7程序来读取pickle数据,然后以中性格式写出来。
快速查看您的实际数据,在我看来,SQLite数据库适合作为交换格式,因为Book
包含对Library
和RentalDetails
的引用。您可以为每个表创建单独的表。