我刚刚在NodeJS环境中看到了this
关键字的奇怪行为。我用代码列出它们。我已使用NodeJS v6.x
运行此代码,并使用一个JavaScript
文件。
使用以下一行代码进行测试时,无论是否使用'use strict'
语句,都会指向空对象{}
。
console.log(this)
但是,当我在自执行函数中运行语句时,
(function(){
console.log(this);
}());
它正在打印一个非常大的对象。在我看来是NodeJS
环境创建的全局执行上下文对象。
使用'use strict'
语句执行上述功能时,预计会打印undefined
(function(){
'use strict';
console.log(this);
}());
但是,在使用浏览器时(我只使用Chrome
进行了测试),前三个示例产生了window
对象,最后一个示例按预期提供了undefined
。
浏览器的行为非常容易理解。但是,在NodeJS
的情况下,它是否不会创建执行上下文,直到我在函数内部包装?
那么,NodeJS
中的大部分代码都是空的全局 object
?
答案 0 :(得分:28)
在浏览器中,全局范围是window
对象,在nodeJS中,模块的全局范围是模块本身,因此当您在nodeJS模块的全局范围内定义变量时,它将是本地的到这个模块。
您可以在 NodeJS documentation 中了解详情:
<强>全球强>
<Object> The global namespace object.
在浏览器中,顶级范围是全局范围。这意味着 在浏览器中,如果你在全局范围内var会定义一个 全局变量。在Node.js中,这是不同的。顶级范围是 不是全球范围;在Node.js模块中的var将是 该模块的本地。
当你写下代码时:
console.log(this)
在空的js文件(模块)中,它将打印一个空对象{}
,指向您的空模块。console.log(this);
this
将指向全局nodeJS范围对象,该对象包含所有NodeJS公共属性和方法,例如require()
,module
,{ {1}},exports
... console
将打印console.log(this)
,因为自调用函数在Strict mode中没有默认的本地范围对象。答案 1 :(得分:10)
this
的值: this
是当前的module.exports对象,而不是全局对象。这与全局范围是全局window
对象的浏览器不同。考虑在Node中执行以下代码:
console.log(this); // logs {}
module.exports.foo = 5;
console.log(this); // log { foo:5 }
首先,我们记录一个emty对象,因为此模块中module.exports
中没有值。然后,将foo
放在module.exports
对象上,然后再次登录this
时,我们可以看到它现在记录了更新的module.exports
对象。
global
对象:我们可以使用global
关键字访问节点中的global
对象:
console.log(global);
global
对象公开了有关环境的各种有用属性。这也是setImmediate
和clearTimeout
的功能所在的地方。
答案 2 :(得分:3)
非常有趣:
var JSON = require('circular-json');
console.log('1) ' + JSON.stringify(this, null, 2));
(function(){
console.log('2) ' + JSON.stringify(this, null, 2));
}());
(function(){
'use strict';
console.log('3) ' + JSON.stringify(this, null, 2));
}());
将产生:
1) {}
2) {
"global": "~",
"process": {
"title": "node",
"version": "v6.9.1",
"moduleLoadList": [
"Binding contextify",
"Binding natives",
"NativeModule events",
"NativeModule util",
"Binding uv",
"NativeModule buffer",
"Binding buffer",
"Binding util",
"NativeModule internal/util",
"NativeModule timers",
"Binding timer_wrap",
"NativeModule internal/linkedlist",
"NativeModule assert",
"NativeModule internal/process",
"Binding config",
"NativeModule internal/process/warning",
"NativeModule internal/process/next_tick",
"NativeModule internal/process/promises",
"NativeModule internal/process/stdio",
"Binding constants",
"NativeModule path",
"NativeModule module",
"NativeModule internal/module",
"NativeModule vm",
"NativeModule fs",
"Binding fs",
"NativeModule stream",
"NativeModule _stream_readable",
"NativeModule internal/streams/BufferList",
"NativeModule _stream_writable",
"NativeModule _stream_duplex",
"NativeModule _stream_transform",
"NativeModule _stream_passthrough",
"Binding fs_event_wrap",
"NativeModule console",
"Binding tty_wrap",
"NativeModule tty",
"NativeModule net",
"NativeModule internal/net",
"Binding cares_wrap",
"Binding tcp_wrap",
"Binding pipe_wrap",
"Binding stream_wrap",
"Binding signal_wrap"
],
"versions": {
"http_parser": "2.7.0",
"node": "6.9.1",
"v8": "5.1.281.84",
"uv": "1.9.1",
"zlib": "1.2.8",
"ares": "1.10.1-DEV",
"icu": "57.1",
"modules": "48",
"openssl": "1.0.2j"
},
"arch": "x64",
"platform": "linux",
"release": {
"name": "node",
"lts": "Boron",
"sourceUrl": "https://nodejs.org/download/release/v6.9.1/node-v6.9.1.tar.gz",
"headersUrl": "https://nodejs.org/download/release/v6.9.1/node-v6.9.1-headers.tar.gz"
},
"argv": [
"/usr/local/bin/node",
"/home/froth/freelancer-projects/thistest.js"
],
"execArgv": [],
"env": {
"NVM_DIR": "/home/froth/.nvm",
"LD_LIBRARY_PATH": "/opt/opencascade/lib",
"CSF_UnitsDefinition": "/opt/opencascade/src/UnitsAPI/Units.dat",
"CSF_GraphicShr": "/opt/opencascade/lib/libTKOpenGl.so",
"CSF_EXCEPTION_PROMPT": "1",
"LANG": "de_DE.UTF-8",
"PROFILEHOME": "",
"DISPLAY": ":0",
"SHELL_SESSION_ID": "09b6f0f3b1d94c5f8aba3f8022075677",
"NODE_PATH": "/usr/lib/node_modules",
"COLORTERM": "truecolor",
"NVM_CD_FLAGS": "",
"MOZ_PLUGIN_PATH": "/usr/lib/mozilla/plugins",
"CSF_IGESDefaults": "/opt/opencascade/src/XSTEPResource",
"CSF_XCAFDefaults": "/opt/opencascade/src/StdResource",
"XDG_VTNR": "1",
"PAM_KWALLET5_LOGIN": "/tmp/kwallet5_froth.socket",
"CSF_STEPDefaults": "/opt/opencascade/src/XSTEPResource",
"XDG_SESSION_ID": "c2",
"CSF_XSMessage": "/opt/opencascade/src/XSMessage",
"USER": "froth",
"DESKTOP_SESSION": "/usr/share/xsessions/awesome",
"GTK2_RC_FILES": "/home/froth/.gtkrc-2.0",
"PWD": "/home/froth/freelancer-projects",
"HOME": "/home/froth",
"XDG_SESSION_TYPE": "x11",
"CSF_PluginDefaults": "/opt/opencascade/src/StdResource",
"XDG_DATA_DIRS": "/usr/local/share/:/usr/share/:/var/lib/snapd/desktop",
"NVM_IOJS_ORG_MIRROR": "https://iojs.org/dist",
"KONSOLE_DBUS_SESSION": "/Sessions/1",
"XDG_SESSION_DESKTOP": "",
"CSF_StandardDefaults": "/opt/opencascade/src/StdResource",
"CSF_StandardLiteDefaults": "/opt/opencascade/src/StdResource",
"MMGT_CLEAR": "1",
"KONSOLE_DBUS_WINDOW": "/Windows/1",
"CSF_UnitsLexicon": "/opt/opencascade/src/UnitsAPI/Lexi_Expr.dat",
"GTK_MODULES": "canberra-gtk-module",
"MAIL": "/var/spool/mail/froth",
"NVM_RC_VERSION": "",
"CSF_XmlOcafResource": "/opt/opencascade/src/XmlOcafResource",
"TERM": "xterm-256color",
"SHELL": "/bin/bash",
"KONSOLE_DBUS_SERVICE": ":1.23",
"XDG_SESSION_CLASS": "user",
"XDG_SEAT_PATH": "/org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Seat0",
"XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP": "",
"QT_LINUX_ACCESSIBILITY_ALWAYS_ON": "1",
"KONSOLE_PROFILE_NAME": "Shell",
"CASROOT": "/opt/opencascade",
"NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR": "https://nodejs.org/dist",
"COLORFGBG": "15;0",
"XDG_SEAT": "seat0",
"SHLVL": "2",
"LANGUAGE": "",
"WINDOWID": "29360134",
"LOGNAME": "froth",
"DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS": "unix:path=/run/user/1000/bus",
"XDG_RUNTIME_DIR": "/run/user/1000",
"CSF_MDTVTexturesDirectory": "/opt/opencascade/src/Textures",
"XAUTHORITY": "/home/froth/.Xauthority",
"XDG_SESSION_PATH": "/org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Session1",
"PATH": "/home/froth/.gem/ruby/2.3.0/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/snap/bin:/usr/lib/jvm/default/bin:/opt/opencascade/bin:/usr/bin/site_perl:/usr/bin/vendor_perl:/usr/bin/core_perl",
"CSF_LANGUAGE": "us",
"CSF_SHMessage": "/opt/opencascade/src/SHMessage",
"OLDPWD": "/home/froth",
"_": "/usr/local/bin/node"
},
"pid": 4658,
"features": {
"debug": false,
"uv": true,
"ipv6": true,
"tls_npn": true,
"tls_alpn": true,
"tls_sni": true,
"tls_ocsp": true,
"tls": true
},
"_needImmediateCallback": false,
"execPath": "/usr/local/bin/node",
"debugPort": 5858,
"_events": {
"SIGWINCH": [
null,
null
]
},
"_eventsCount": 4,
"domain": null,
"_exiting": false,
"config": {
"target_defaults": {
"cflags": [],
"default_configuration": "Release",
"defines": [],
"include_dirs": [],
"libraries": []
},
"variables": {
"asan": 0,
"debug_devtools": "node",
"force_dynamic_crt": 0,
"gas_version": "2.23",
"host_arch": "x64",
"icu_data_file": "icudt57l.dat",
"icu_data_in": "../../deps/icu-small/source/data/in/icudt57l.dat",
"icu_endianness": "l",
"icu_gyp_path": "tools/icu/icu-generic.gyp",
"icu_locales": "en,root",
"icu_path": "deps/icu-small",
"icu_small": true,
"icu_ver_major": "57",
"node_byteorder": "little",
"node_enable_d8": false,
"node_enable_v8_vtunejit": false,
"node_install_npm": true,
"node_module_version": 48,
"node_no_browser_globals": false,
"node_prefix": "/",
"node_release_urlbase": "https://nodejs.org/download/release/",
"node_shared": false,
"node_shared_cares": false,
"node_shared_http_parser": false,
"node_shared_libuv": false,
"node_shared_openssl": false,
"node_shared_zlib": false,
"node_tag": "",
"node_use_bundled_v8": true,
"node_use_dtrace": false,
"node_use_etw": false,
"node_use_lttng": false,
"node_use_openssl": true,
"node_use_perfctr": false,
"node_use_v8_platform": true,
"openssl_fips": "",
"openssl_no_asm": 0,
"shlib_suffix": "so.48",
"target_arch": "x64",
"uv_parent_path": "/deps/uv/",
"uv_use_dtrace": false,
"v8_enable_gdbjit": 0,
"v8_enable_i18n_support": 1,
"v8_inspector": true,
"v8_no_strict_aliasing": 1,
"v8_optimized_debug": 0,
"v8_random_seed": 0,
"v8_use_snapshot": true,
"want_separate_host_toolset": 0
}
},
"stdout": {
"connecting": false,
"_hadError": false,
"_handle": {
"bytesRead": 0,
"_externalStream": {},
"fd": 9,
"writeQueueSize": 0,
"owner": "~process~stdout"
},
"_parent": null,
"_host": null,
"_readableState": {
"objectMode": false,
"highWaterMark": 16384,
"buffer": {
"head": null,
"tail": null,
"length": 0
},
"length": 0,
"pipes": null,
"pipesCount": 0,
"flowing": null,
"ended": false,
"endEmitted": false,
"reading": false,
"sync": true,
"needReadable": false,
"emittedReadable": false,
"readableListening": false,
"resumeScheduled": false,
"defaultEncoding": "utf8",
"ranOut": false,
"awaitDrain": 0,
"readingMore": false,
"decoder": null,
"encoding": null
},
"readable": false,
"domain": null,
"_events": {},
"_eventsCount": 3,
"_writableState": {
"objectMode": false,
"highWaterMark": 16384,
"needDrain": false,
"ending": false,
"ended": false,
"finished": false,
"decodeStrings": false,
"defaultEncoding": "utf8",
"length": 0,
"writing": false,
"corked": 0,
"sync": false,
"bufferProcessing": false,
"writecb": null,
"writelen": 0,
"bufferedRequest": null,
"lastBufferedRequest": null,
"pendingcb": 1,
"prefinished": false,
"errorEmitted": false,
"bufferedRequestCount": 0,
"corkedRequestsFree": {
"next": null,
"entry": null
}
},
"writable": true,
"allowHalfOpen": false,
"destroyed": false,
"_bytesDispatched": 6,
"_sockname": null,
"_writev": null,
"_pendingData": null,
"_pendingEncoding": "",
"server": null,
"_server": null,
"columns": 84,
"rows": 84,
"_type": "tty",
"fd": 1,
"_isStdio": true
},
"stderr": {
"connecting": false,
"_hadError": false,
"_handle": {
"bytesRead": 0,
"_externalStream": {},
"fd": 11,
"writeQueueSize": 0,
"owner": "~process~stderr"
},
"_parent": null,
"_host": null,
"_readableState": {
"objectMode": false,
"highWaterMark": 16384,
"buffer": {
"head": null,
"tail": null,
"length": 0
},
"length": 0,
"pipes": null,
"pipesCount": 0,
"flowing": null,
"ended": false,
"endEmitted": false,
"reading": false,
"sync": true,
"needReadable": false,
"emittedReadable": false,
"readableListening": false,
"resumeScheduled": false,
"defaultEncoding": "utf8",
"ranOut": false,
"awaitDrain": 0,
"readingMore": false,
"decoder": null,
"encoding": null
},
"readable": false,
"domain": null,
"_events": {},
"_eventsCount": 3,
"_writableState": {
"objectMode": false,
"highWaterMark": 16384,
"needDrain": false,
"ending": false,
"ended": false,
"finished": false,
"decodeStrings": false,
"defaultEncoding": "utf8",
"length": 0,
"writing": false,
"corked": 0,
"sync": true,
"bufferProcessing": false,
"writecb": null,
"writelen": 0,
"bufferedRequest": null,
"lastBufferedRequest": null,
"pendingcb": 0,
"prefinished": false,
"errorEmitted": false,
"bufferedRequestCount": 0,
"corkedRequestsFree": {
"next": null,
"entry": null
}
},
"writable": true,
"allowHalfOpen": false,
"destroyed": false,
"_bytesDispatched": 0,
"_sockname": null,
"_writev": null,
"_pendingData": null,
"_pendingEncoding": "",
"server": null,
"_server": null,
"columns": 84,
"rows": 84,
"_type": "tty",
"fd": 2,
"_isStdio": true
},
"stdin": {
"connecting": false,
"_hadError": false,
"_handle": {
"bytesRead": 0,
"_externalStream": {},
"fd": 12,
"writeQueueSize": 0,
"owner": "~process~stdin",
"reading": false
},
"_parent": null,
"_host": null,
"_readableState": {
"objectMode": false,
"highWaterMark": 0,
"buffer": {
"head": null,
"tail": null,
"length": 0
},
"length": 0,
"pipes": null,
"pipesCount": 0,
"flowing": null,
"ended": false,
"endEmitted": false,
"reading": false,
"sync": false,
"needReadable": true,
"emittedReadable": false,
"readableListening": false,
"resumeScheduled": false,
"defaultEncoding": "utf8",
"ranOut": false,
"awaitDrain": 0,
"readingMore": false,
"decoder": null,
"encoding": null
},
"readable": true,
"domain": null,
"_events": {},
"_eventsCount": 4,
"_writableState": {
"objectMode": false,
"highWaterMark": 0,
"needDrain": false,
"ending": false,
"ended": false,
"finished": false,
"decodeStrings": false,
"defaultEncoding": "utf8",
"length": 0,
"writing": false,
"corked": 0,
"sync": true,
"bufferProcessing": false,
"writecb": null,
"writelen": 0,
"bufferedRequest": null,
"lastBufferedRequest": null,
"pendingcb": 0,
"prefinished": false,
"errorEmitted": false,
"bufferedRequestCount": 0,
"corkedRequestsFree": {
"next": null,
"entry": null
}
},
"writable": false,
"allowHalfOpen": false,
"destroyed": false,
"_bytesDispatched": 0,
"_sockname": null,
"_writev": null,
"_pendingData": null,
"_pendingEncoding": "",
"server": null,
"_server": null,
"isRaw": false,
"isTTY": true,
"fd": 0
},
"argv0": "node",
"mainModule": {
"id": ".",
"exports": {},
"parent": null,
"filename": "/home/froth/freelancer-projects/thistest.js",
"loaded": false,
"children": [
{
"id": "/home/froth/freelancer-projects/node_modules/circular-json/build/circular-json.node.js",
"exports": {},
"parent": "~process~mainModule",
"filename": "/home/froth/freelancer-projects/node_modules/circular-json/build/circular-json.node.js",
"loaded": true,
"children": [],
"paths": [
"/home/froth/freelancer-projects/node_modules/circular-json/build/node_modules",
"/home/froth/freelancer-projects/node_modules/circular-json/node_modules",
"/home/froth/freelancer-projects/node_modules",
"/home/froth/node_modules",
"/home/node_modules",
"/node_modules"
]
}
],
"paths": [
"/home/froth/freelancer-projects/node_modules",
"/home/froth/node_modules",
"/home/node_modules",
"/node_modules"
]
}
},
"console": {}
}
3) undefined
在3)
中 未定义,因为它未以严格模式自动装箱到对象。这意味着在此上下文中没有根对象。如果您不使用严格模式,那么您的代码将由父范围装箱。正如您在输出中看到的那样,在nodejs中有很多关于节点内部内容的信息。
在1)
中,输出是一个空对象,因为在节点模块的顶级代码中,这相当于module.exports,而module.exports在此示例中为空。
答案 3 :(得分:3)
从节点环境中的全局上下文开始documentation
在浏览器中,顶级范围是全局范围。这意味着在浏览器中,如果您处于全局范围内,var会定义一个全局变量。在Node.js中,这是不同的。顶级范围不是全球范围; Node.js模块中的var内容将是该模块的本地内容。
每个JS文件都被视为一个模块。 Node自动将JS文件的代码包装在自我IIFE中,exports, require, module, __filename, __dirname
作为函数的参数。
以下是使用node-debug
如果您运行以下代码,请打印true
,这意味着this
引用node.js中的exports
。最好在此answer中解释。
console.log(this === exports);
这意味着在执行时,代码在Node.js中包含类似于下面的内容,使用 包装函数上下文 将代码与全局上下文分开。
var context = (function (exports, require, module, __filename, __dirname) {
console.log(this) //This is my code
});
var module = {exports:{}};
context.apply(module.exports, [module.exports, require, module, "FILE_NAME", "DIR_NAME"]);
回答下一点完全参考documentation:
与其他语言相比,此关键字在JavaScript中的行为略有不同。它在严格模式和非严格模式之间也有一些区别。
所以当你执行这段代码时
(function(){
console.log(this);
}());
打印global
对象,并以use strict
模式打印undefined
<强>记住:强>
在浏览器中,函数不像IIFE /包装函数上下文一样包装在节点中,它直接在window
对象上执行。因此,调用上下文因Node.js和Browser而异。
另请阅读this。
答案 4 :(得分:2)
global
是对 NodeJS 中真正的全局作用域对象的引用,有点像在浏览器 JS 环境中使用 window
。
global.studentName = 'Kyle'
console.log(`Hello, ${ global.studentName }!`)
// Hello, Kyle!
console.log(`Hello, ${ studentName }!`)
// Hello, Kyle!
答案 5 :(得分:1)
这里我要强调 global 的一个属性!
<块引用>你放在那里的东西也可以直接访问
(确保检查属性标题和部分)
在带来财产之前!让我们再次定义全局!
global 是 nodejs 特有的语言关键字,引用全局命名空间对象
正如其他答案中已经描述的那样!模块中的顶级范围!不是全球性的!并且仅限于该模块!
所以当你在一个模块中声明一个变量时,你不能在另一个模块中访问它!
https://nodejs.org/api/globals.html#globals_global
全局命名空间在给定进程的任何地方都可以访问!在所有模块中!这包括您自己的模块和第三方模块!
节点 repl 中的控制台日志记录全局将给出:
Welcome to Node.js v13.14.0.
Type ".help" for more information.
> console.log(global)
<ref *1> Object [global] {
global: [Circular *1],
clearInterval: [Function: clearInterval],
clearTimeout: [Function: clearTimeout],
setInterval: [Function: setInterval],
setTimeout: [Function: setTimeout] {
[Symbol(nodejs.util.promisify.custom)]: [Function (anonymous)]
},
queueMicrotask: [Function: queueMicrotask],
clearImmediate: [Function: clearImmediate],
setImmediate: [Function: setImmediate] {
[Symbol(nodejs.util.promisify.custom)]: [Function (anonymous)]
}
}
undefined
我想带的是这个!我在探索 laravel-mix 代码源时注意到了这一点!
<块引用>如果你在全局对象上设置了一些东西!就像global.Hola = { print: () => console.log("Hola") };
。然后,您可以在项目代码(多个文件 [模块] 和整个节点流程代码)中的任何位置直接通过其名称访问变量!意思是 Hola.print()
代替 global.Hola.print()
!
这是上面示例的节点 repl 屏幕截图:
> global.Hola = { print: () => console.log('Hola') }
{ print: [Function: print] }
> Hola.print()
Hola
undefined
不错的物业!那就是全局命名空间!
您会注意到 clearInteraval
、clearTimeout
、setInterval
、setTimeout
、...等方法都定义在那里!我们过去常常通过名称直接访问它们!
这里有一些来自 laravel-mix 代码源的例子!它在哪里使用它!
如果你打开这个文件: https://github.com/JeffreyWay/laravel-mix/blob/master/src/components/ComponentRegistrar.js
您注意到导入部分没有! Mix
变量都不是 Config
!
但它们是使用和代码的一部分!我当时想:what the heck
!
进口代码:
let Assert = require('../Assert');
let Dependencies = require('../Dependencies');
let mergeWebpackConfig = require('../builder/MergeWebpackConfig');
在第 68 行:(link here) 可以看到 Mix
类变量的用法!
第 178 行 (link here) 的 Config
也是如此
当我第一次看到它时!并检查导入部分!并使用 github 参考功能(一无所获)!我是What the heck
!
后来当我检查 Mix.js 文件时!还有课!我找到了设置它们的代码!我得到了直觉并用谷歌搜索!
设置全局变量的问题是覆盖和冲突!这会导致错误和意外行为,直至完全崩溃!如果模块不假思索地开始使用它!一个模块会把它拧成另一个!就像使用第三方模块时一样!想象一下,模块 request
将设置 Config var!你也设置了!甚至另一个第三方模块!而且都依赖于它!一个会把它拧到另一个模块上!
简单地说!我们不应该使用全局变量! 不不! 是的!
这一切都取决于!
模块最好不要这样做!这样模块就完全隔离了!而且更结实!一般在某个模块中设置变量!并且每次都导入它!使用依赖注入...等
在许多情况下,使用全局命名空间更灵活!
你可以这样做,不用担心!如果您要构建服务器! 配置对象可以去全局! 命令行界面工具或脚本!一些直接运行的进程!
通常在构建模块时不要使用全局范围! 一个包裹! 图书馆! 一个组件! 哪些可以重复使用! (可重用的交叉项目!没有全局范围!隔离它)!
Laravel mix 例如是一个用于生成 webpack 配置的包!可以作为 cli 工具和进程运行!
但是,如果 Config 变量也是由 Webpack 或一些社区插件或加载器设置的!然后问题可能由于覆盖而发生!
在命名中添加一个域可以使更安全变得很简单!例如 Mix_Config
!
答案 6 :(得分:0)
我写了一个全面的答案,涵盖了不同情况下this
的价值。解释在需要的地方添加为代码注释。
let this_in_objects = {
propA: "let's figure THIS out!",
/*
* Object property set to a standard function.
* */
propB: function () {
return this.propA;
// Returns the value of this_in_objects.propA as expected.
},
/*
* Object property set to an arrow function (Introduced in ES6).
* */
propC: () => {
return this.propA;
// Should return 'undefined'
// In this case, 'this' refers to the surrounding scope, which could be one of the following :
// - 'module.exports' if the code is inside a nodejs module.
// - 'window' if the code is executed in a browser, or 'undefined' if running in a terminal due to the lack of 'window' global variable.
},
/*
* Object property set to a standard function that returns an arrow function.
* */
propD: function () {
let newArrowFunction = () => {
return this.propA;
// Returns the value of this_in_objects.propA.
// The first functions declaration binds 'this' to the current object
// then the second function scope is now the 'this' of the first function.
}
return newArrowFunction;
},
/*
* Object property set another object with 2 properties, one of which returns a standard function.
* */
propE: {
propE_1: "value of propE.propE_1",
propE_2: function () {
return this.propE_1;
// In this case, 'this' refers to the surrounding scope, which is the parent object 'propE'
}
},
/*
* Object property set another object with 2 properties, one of which returns an arrow function.
* */
propF: {
propF_1: "value of propF.propF_1",
propF_2: () => {
return this.propF_1;
// Should return 'undefined'
// There no change in the binding of 'this', so
// In this case, 'this' refers to the surrounding scope, which could be one of the following :
// - 'module.exports' if the code is inside a nodejs module.
// - 'window' if the code is executed in a browser, or 'undefined' if running in a terminal due to the lack of 'window' global variable.
}
},
};
console.log(this_in_objects.propB());
// Returns "let's figure THIS out!"
console.log(this_in_objects.propC());
// Returns 'undefined'
console.log(this_in_objects.propD()());
// Returns "let's figure THIS out!"
// Notice the double round brackets to call the nested anonymous functions.
console.log(this_in_objects.propE.propE_2());
// Returns "value of propE.propE_1"
console.log(this_in_objects.propF.propF_2());
// Returns 'undefined'
this_in_objects.propX = function () {
return this.propA;
// Returns the value of this_in_objects.propA as expected.
};
this_in_objects.propA = 'The new value of propA !';
console.log(this_in_objects.propX());
// Returns "The new value of propA !",
// even though 'propA' value was changed AFTER declaring the function,
// returning the value of 'propA' at the time of function execution, not at the time of declaration.
这是基于以下信息:
我希望这会有所帮助,如果我错过了this
的值可能不同的任何情况,请在评论中告诉我。