Android RxJava 2 JUnit测试 - android.os.Looper中的getMainLooper没有模拟RuntimeException

时间:2017-04-11 21:14:48

标签: android unit-testing junit rx-java rx-java2

我在尝试为使用observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())的演示者运行JUnit测试时遇到RuntimeException。

由于它们是纯粹的JUnit测试而不是Android测试测试,因此无法访问Android依赖项,导致我在执行测试时遇到以下错误:

java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
    at io.reactivex.android.schedulers.AndroidSchedulers$1.call(AndroidSchedulers.java:35)
    at io.reactivex.android.schedulers.AndroidSchedulers$1.call(AndroidSchedulers.java:33)
    at io.reactivex.android.plugins.RxAndroidPlugins.callRequireNonNull(RxAndroidPlugins.java:70)
    at io.reactivex.android.plugins.RxAndroidPlugins.initMainThreadScheduler(RxAndroidPlugins.java:40)
    at io.reactivex.android.schedulers.AndroidSchedulers.<clinit>(AndroidSchedulers.java:32)
    …
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Method getMainLooper in android.os.Looper not mocked. See http://g.co/androidstudio/not-mocked for details.
    at android.os.Looper.getMainLooper(Looper.java)
    at io.reactivex.android.schedulers.AndroidSchedulers$MainHolder.<clinit>(AndroidSchedulers.java:29)
    ...


java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class io.reactivex.android.schedulers.AndroidSchedulers
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    …

10 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:64)

发生此错误是因为AndroidSchedulers.mainThread()返回的默认调度程序是LooperScheduler的实例,并且依赖于JUnit测试中不可用的Android依赖项。

我们可以通过在运行测试之前使用不同的调度程序初始化RxAndroidPlugins来避免此问题。您可以在@BeforeClass方法中执行此操作,如下所示:

@BeforeClass
public static void setUpRxSchedulers() {
    Scheduler immediate = new Scheduler() {
        @Override
        public Disposable scheduleDirect(@NonNull Runnable run, long delay, @NonNull TimeUnit unit) {
            // this prevents StackOverflowErrors when scheduling with a delay
            return super.scheduleDirect(run, 0, unit);
        }

        @Override
        public Worker createWorker() {
            return new ExecutorScheduler.ExecutorWorker(Runnable::run);
        }
    };

    RxJavaPlugins.setInitIoSchedulerHandler(scheduler -> immediate);
    RxJavaPlugins.setInitComputationSchedulerHandler(scheduler -> immediate);
    RxJavaPlugins.setInitNewThreadSchedulerHandler(scheduler -> immediate);
    RxJavaPlugins.setInitSingleSchedulerHandler(scheduler -> immediate);
    RxAndroidPlugins.setInitMainThreadSchedulerHandler(scheduler -> immediate);
}

或者您可以创建一个自定义TestRule,允许您在多个测试类中重用初始化逻辑。

public class RxImmediateSchedulerRule implements TestRule {
    private Scheduler immediate = new Scheduler() {
        @Override
        public Disposable scheduleDirect(@NonNull Runnable run, long delay, @NonNull TimeUnit unit) {
            // this prevents StackOverflowErrors when scheduling with a delay
            return super.scheduleDirect(run, 0, unit);
        }

        @Override
        public Worker createWorker() {
            return new ExecutorScheduler.ExecutorWorker(Runnable::run);
        }
    };

    @Override
    public Statement apply(final Statement base, Description description) {
        return new Statement() {
            @Override
            public void evaluate() throws Throwable {
                RxJavaPlugins.setInitIoSchedulerHandler(scheduler -> immediate);
                RxJavaPlugins.setInitComputationSchedulerHandler(scheduler -> immediate);
                RxJavaPlugins.setInitNewThreadSchedulerHandler(scheduler -> immediate);
                RxJavaPlugins.setInitSingleSchedulerHandler(scheduler -> immediate);
                RxAndroidPlugins.setInitMainThreadSchedulerHandler(scheduler -> immediate);

                try {
                    base.evaluate();
                } finally {
                    RxJavaPlugins.reset();
                    RxAndroidPlugins.reset();
                }
            }
        };
    }
}

然后您可以将其应用于您的测试类

public class TestClass {
    @ClassRule public static final RxImmediateSchedulerRule schedulers = new RxImmediateSchedulerRule();

    @Test
    public void testStuff_stuffHappens() {
       ...
    }
}

这两种方法都将确保在执行任何测试之前和访问AndroidSchedulers之前覆盖默认调度程序。

使用立即调度程序覆盖RxJava调度程序以进行单元测试还将确保正在测试的代码中的RxJava用法同步运行,这将使编写单元测试变得更加容易。

来源:
https://www.infoq.com/articles/Testing-RxJava2 https://medium.com/@peter.tackage/overriding-rxandroid-schedulers-in-rxjava-2-5561b3d14212

答案 1 :(得分:27)

我刚刚添加了

RxAndroidPlugins.setInitMainThreadSchedulerHandler(scheduler -> Schedulers.trampoline());

@Before注释方法中。

答案 2 :(得分:9)

基于@ starkej2答案,并进行了一些更改, Kotlin 开发人员的正确答案将是:

  1. 创建RxImmediateSchedulerRule.kt类:

import io.reactivex.Scheduler
import io.reactivex.android.plugins.RxAndroidPlugins
import io.reactivex.internal.schedulers.ExecutorScheduler
import io.reactivex.plugins.RxJavaPlugins
import org.junit.rules.TestRule
import org.junit.runner.Description
import org.junit.runners.model.Statement
import java.util.concurrent.Executor

class RxImmediateSchedulerRule : TestRule {
    private val immediate = object : Scheduler() {
        override fun createWorker(): Worker {
            return ExecutorScheduler.ExecutorWorker(Executor { it.run() })
        }
    }

    override fun apply(base: Statement, description: Description): Statement {
        return object : Statement() {
            @Throws(Throwable::class)
            override fun evaluate() {
                RxJavaPlugins.setInitIoSchedulerHandler { immediate }
                RxJavaPlugins.setInitComputationSchedulerHandler { immediate }
                RxJavaPlugins.setInitNewThreadSchedulerHandler { immediate }
                RxJavaPlugins.setInitSingleSchedulerHandler { immediate }
                RxAndroidPlugins.setInitMainThreadSchedulerHandler { immediate }

                try {
                    base.evaluate()
                } finally {
                    RxJavaPlugins.reset()
                    RxAndroidPlugins.reset()
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
  1. 在测试类中,创建计划程序 ClassRule:

    class TestViewModelTest {
    
    companion object {
       @ClassRule
       @JvmField
       val schedulers = RxImmediateSchedulerRule()
    }
    
    @Before
    fun setUp() {
        //your setup code here
    }
    
    @Test
    fun yourTestMethodHere{}
    }
    

答案 3 :(得分:7)

测试LiveData时出现相同的错误。测试LiveData时,如果要测试的类同时具有后台线程和LiveData,则除了InstantTaskExecutorRule之外,还需要此RxImmediateSchedulerRule

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner::class)
class MainViewModelTest {

    companion object {
        @ClassRule @JvmField
        val schedulers = RxImmediateSchedulerRule()
    }

    @Rule
    @JvmField
    val rule = InstantTaskExecutorRule()

    @Mock
    lateinit var dataRepository: DataRepository

    lateinit var model: MainViewModel

    @Before
    fun setUp() {
      model = MainViewModel(dataRepository)
    }

    @Test
    fun fetchData() {
      //given    
      val returnedItem = createDummyItem()    
      val observer = mock<Observer<List<Post>>>()    
      model.getPosts().observeForever(observer)    
      //when    
      liveData.value = listOf(returnedItem)    
      //than    
      verify(observer).onChanged(listOf(Post(returnedItem.id, returnedItem.title, returnedItem.url)))
    }

}

参考: https://pbochenski.pl/blog/07-12-2017-testing_livedata.html

答案 4 :(得分:4)

正如this Medium article by Peter Tackage中的建议一样,您可以自己注入调度程序。

我们都知道直接调用静态方法可以使类很难测试,如果使用像Dagger 2这样的依赖注入框架,注入调度程序会非常容易。示例如下:

在项目中定义一个界面:

public interface SchedulerProvider {
    Scheduler ui();
    Scheduler computation();
    Scheduler io();
    Scheduler special();
    // Other schedulers as required…
}

定义一个实现:

final class AppSchedulerProvider implements SchedulerProvider {
    @Override 
    public Scheduler ui() {
        return AndroidSchedulers.mainThread();
    }
    @Override 
    public Scheduler computation() {
        return Schedulers.computation();
    }
    @Override 
    public Scheduler io() {
        return Schedulers.io();
    }
    @Override 
    public Scheduler special() {
        return MyOwnSchedulers.special();
    }
}

现在不是像这样直接引用调度程序:

 bookstoreModel.getFavoriteBook()
               .map(Book::getTitle)
               .delay(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
               .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
               .subscribe(view::setBookTitle));

您使用对界面的引用:

bookstoreModel.getFavoriteBook()
          .map(Book::getTitle)
          .delay(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS, 
                 this.schedulerProvider.computation())
          .observeOn(this.schedulerProvider.ui())
          .subscribe(view::setBookTitle));

现在进行测试,你可以像这样定义一个TestSchedulersProvider:

public final class TestSchedulersProvider implements SchedulerProvider {

      @Override
      public Scheduler ui() {
          return new TestScheduler();
      }

      @Override
      public Scheduler io() {
          return Schedulers.trampoline(); //or test scheduler if you want
      }

      //etc
}

现在,您希望在单元测试中使用TestScheduler具有所有优势。这对于您可能想要测试延迟的情况非常有用:

@Test
public void testIntegerOneIsEmittedAt20Seconds() {
    //arrange
    TestObserver<Integer> o = delayedRepository.delayedInt()
            .test();

    //act
    testScheduler.advanceTimeTo(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

    //assert
    o.assertValue(1);
}

否则,如果您不想使用注入的Scheduler,可以使用lambdas完成其他方法中提到的静态钩子:

@Before
public void setUp() {
    RxAndroidPlugins.setInitMainThreadSchedulerHandler(h -> Schedulers.trampoline());
    RxJavaPlugins.setIoSchedulerHandler(h -> Schedulers.trampoline());
//etc
}

答案 5 :(得分:1)

对于RxJava 1,您可以创建不同的调度程序:

 @Before
 public void setUp() throws Exception {
    // Override RxJava schedulers
    RxJavaHooks.setOnIOScheduler(new Func1<Scheduler, Scheduler>() {
        @Override
        public Scheduler call(Scheduler scheduler) {
            return Schedulers.immediate();
        }
    });

    RxJavaHooks.setOnComputationScheduler(new Func1<Scheduler, Scheduler>() {
        @Override
        public Scheduler call(Scheduler scheduler) {
            return Schedulers.immediate();
        }
    });

    RxJavaHooks.setOnNewThreadScheduler(new Func1<Scheduler, Scheduler>() {
        @Override
        public Scheduler call(Scheduler scheduler) {
            return Schedulers.immediate();
        }
    });

    // Override RxAndroid schedulers
    final RxAndroidPlugins rxAndroidPlugins = RxAndroidPlugins.getInstance();
    rxAndroidPlugins.registerSchedulersHook(new RxAndroidSchedulersHook() {
        @Override
        public Scheduler getMainThreadScheduler() {
            return Schedulers.immediate();
    }
});
} 

@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
RxJavaHooks.reset();
RxAndroidPlugins.getInstance().reset();
}

Unit testing android application with retrofit and rxjava

答案 6 :(得分:1)

只是添加到starkej2的答案,它对我来说非常好,直到我在测试Observable.timer()时遇到stackoverflower。没有任何帮助,但幸运的是我使用下面的Scheduler定义,所有其他测试也通过。

new Scheduler() {
            @Override
            public Worker createWorker() {
                return new ExecutorScheduler.ExecutorWorker(new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1) {
                    @Override
                    public void execute(@NonNull Runnable runnable) {
                        runnable.run();
                    }
                });
            }
        };

像starkej2的回答一样休息。希望这有助于某人。

答案 7 :(得分:0)

我有这个问题并且来到这篇文章,但我找不到RX 1的任何东西。 因此,如果您在第一个版本上遇到同样的问题,这就是解决方案。

@BeforeClass
public static void setupClass() {
    RxAndroidPlugins.getInstance().registerSchedulersHook(new RxAndroidSchedulersHook() {
        @Override
        public Scheduler getMainThreadScheduler() {
            return Schedulers.trampoline();
        }
    });
}

答案 8 :(得分:0)

对于使用Kotlin并使用Rule而不是创建companion object的用户,可以使用@get:Rule

所以不要使用:

companion object {
 @ClassRule
 @JvmField
 val schedulers = RxImmediateSchedulerRule()
}

您可以简单地使用:

@get:Rule
val schedulers = RxImmediateSchedulerRule()

答案 9 :(得分:0)

如果您仍然遇到问题,但以上代码均无法帮助您, 除此之外,将这一行添加到app.gradle并不是一个坏主意:

bool myBool = true; 
 System.out.println(!myBool);